添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140532

草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 271-278.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140532

添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

李君风¹,孙肖慧¹,原现军¹,郭刚^1,4,肖慎华¹,巴桑³,余成群²,邵涛^1*

1.南京农业大学动物科学技术学院饲草调制加工与贮藏研究所,江苏南京 210095;
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;
3.西藏日喀则地区草原工作站,西藏日喀则 857000;
4.山西农业大学动物科学技术学院,山西太谷 030801

收稿日期:2013-09-13 出版日期:2014-10-20 发布日期:2014-10-20
通讯作者: Email:taoshaolan@163.com
作者简介:李君风(1988-),女,甘肃临夏人,在读硕士。E-mail:ljf126ff@126.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划“藏北退化草地综合整治技术与示范”(2011BAC09B03),中国科学院西藏区域创新平台建设项目“促进农牧民增收的西藏农牧结合技术体系构建与示范”和“西藏主要农作物秸秆与栽培牧草混合青贮关键技术研究”(XZ20093ZD)资助

Effect of adding acetic acid on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mixed oat and alfalfa silage in Tibet

LI Jun-feng¹,SUN Xiao-hui¹,YUAN Xian-jun¹,GUO Gang^1,4,XIAO Shen-hua¹,BA Sang³,YU Cheng-qun²,SHAO Tao¹

1.Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3.The Prairie Workstation of Shigatse, Tibet, Shigatse 857000, China;
4.College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China

Received:2013-09-13 Online:2014-10-20 Published:2014-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同水平乙酸对燕麦和紫花苜蓿(7∶3)混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响,试验设对照组和3个乙酸添加组(0.3%,0.4%,0.5%),青贮后第30,45和60天开窖取样,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质,同时60 d后打开剩余的所有实验室青贮窖,将青贮饲料暴露于空气中,测定青贮饲料有氧稳定性。结果表明,添加乙酸显著(P<0.05)降低了混合青贮饲料的pH,其中0.4%与0.5%乙酸处理组pH显著(P<0.05)低于0.3%乙酸处理组。青贮60 d后乙酸添加组乳酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,但处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加乙酸显著(P<0.05)降低了青贮过程中氨态氮/总氮,且氨态氮/总氮随着乙酸添加量的增加呈下降趋势(P>0.05)。各乙酸添加组水溶性碳水化合物均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,其中0.4%乙酸添加组最高。在有氧暴露前10 d,各组pH和氨态氮/总氮基本保持稳定,其中乙酸添加组低于对照组。暴露10 d后各组pH均有上升,其中对照组显著(P<0.05)上升。在整个有氧暴露阶段,乳酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量逐渐下降,但各乙酸添加组均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,其中0.4%乙酸添加组乳酸含量始终保持最高。综合考虑发酵品质和有氧稳定性,0.4%乙酸添加量最适宜。

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding acetic acid on the fermentation qualities and aerobic stability of mixed silage of oat and alfalfa. The treatments were as follows: control (CA) and three treatments of different acetic acid addition ratios (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% of fresh weight). These silos were opened 30, 45 and 60 days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed. Then other silos were opened 60 days after ensiling and exposed to the air, and the aerobic stability was analyzed. Addition of acetic acid significantly (P<0.05) decreased the pH value of mixed silage, and the pH values of 0.4% and 0.5% acetic acid addition silages were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of 0.3% acetic acid addition silages. Lactic acid (LA) contents of all acetic acid addition silages were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of control after 60 days from ensiling, however, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference among all acetic acid silages. Acetic acid addition significantly (P<0.05) decreased the ratio of ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN), and there was a pH decline (P>0.05) with increased of acetic acid addition. Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents of all silages with acetic acid added were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the control, and 0.4% acetic acid addition silages showed the highest WSC content. During the first 10 days of aerobic exposure, the values of pH and AN/TN were stable in all silages, and those of silages with acetic acid added remained lower than these of control. After 10 days of aerobic exposure, the pH value of all silages increased, and that of the control significantly (P<0.05) increased. The contents of LA and WSC decreased generally during the aerobic exposure process; all acetic-acid-treated silages showed significantly (P<0.05) higher LA and WSC than control, and the silage with 0.4% acetic acid added always had the highest lactic acid content. From the above results it is suggested that 0.4% acetic acid addition is appropriate.

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

李君风,孙肖慧,原现军,郭刚,肖慎华,巴桑,余成群,邵涛. 添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 271-278.

LI Jun-feng,SUN Xiao-hui,YUAN Xian-jun,GUO Gang,XIAO Shen-hua,BA Sang,YU Cheng-qun,SHAO Tao. Effect of adding acetic acid on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mixed oat and alfalfa silage in Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 271-278.

参考文献

Reference:

[1] Miller D J. Nomads of the Tibetan Plateau rangelands in western China part two: pastoral production practices[J]. Rangelands, 2006, 21(1): 16-19.

[2] Hu T M, Bian B Z M, Cao Z H, et al. Setting up grassland agriculture, promoting sustainable development of animal husbandry in Tibet[J]. Acta Ecologiae Nnimalis Domastici, 2005, (1): 78-80.

[3] Qin Y, Li X Z, Jiang W Q, et al. An investigation of nutrition components and types in Tibet main crop straws and pastures[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(5): 122-129.

[4] Schmidt R J, Kung J L. The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri with or without a homolactic bacterium on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage made at different locations[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(4): 1616-1624.

[5] Xie Z L, Zhang T F, Chen X Z, et al. A study on the nutrient value of oat and its influences on soil fertility of winter fallow fields[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(2): 47-53.

[6] Wang Q, Yu C Q, Li Z H, et al. Effect of adding coenzyme and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed silages of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and common vetch(Vicia sativa)in tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(4): 186-191.

[7] Yuan X J, Yu C Q, Xia K, et al. Effect of adding wet hullessbarley Distillers' Grains on fermentation quality of mixed silage of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)in Tibet[J]. Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica, 2012, 43(9): 1408-1414.

[8] Yuan X J, Wang Q, Li Z H, et al. Effect of molasses addition on fermentation and nutritive quality of mixed silage of hulless barley straw and perennial ryegrass in Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 116-123.

[9] Bolsen K K. Silage fermentation and silage additives review[J]. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 1996, 9(5): 483-493.

[10] Guo X, Zhou H, Yu Z, et al. Changes in the distribution of nitrogen and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne treated with different additives[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2007, 62(1): 35-43.

[11] Rong H, Yu C Q, Chen J, et al. Effects of FJLB, LAB and glucose addition on fermentation quality of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 108-115.

[12] Moon N J. Inhibition of the growth of acid tolerant yeasts by acetate, lactate and propionate and their synergistic mixtures[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1983, 55(3): 453-460. 

[13] Zhang X H, Zhang Y G, He Y F. Effect of adding two types of sodium acetate compounds on corn silage quality and aerobic stability[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(6): 1810-1815.

[14] Xu Q F, Zhang X, Cui Z W, et al. Effect of additives on the quality of whole-crop corn silage[J]. Acta Agrectir Sinica, 2009, 17(2): 157-161.

[15] Henderson N. Silage additives[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1993, 45: 35-56.

[16] Shao T, Zhang L, Shimojo M, et al. Fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages treated with encapsulated glucose, glucose, sorbic acid and pre fermented juices[J]. Asian-Australia Journal of Animal Science, 2007, 20(11): 1699-1704.

[17] Zhang Z X, Shao T. The effect of propionic acid addition on the dynamic fermentation changes of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(2): 102-107.

[18] Wilkinson J M, Davies D R. The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2012, 68: 1-19.

[19] Bxton D R, Muck R E, Harrison J H. Silage Science and Technology[M]. Madison WI: American Society of Agronomy Inc, Crop Science Society of America Inc, Soil Science Society of America Inc. Publications, 2003: 130-136.

[20] Danner H. Effect of acetic acid on the aerobic stability of silages[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003, 69: 562-567.

参考文献：

[1] Miller D J. Nomads of the Tibetan Plateau rangelands in western China part two: pastoral production practices[J]. Rangelands, 2006, 21(1): 16-19.

[2] 呼天明, 边巴卓玛, 曹中华, 等. 施行草地农业推进西藏畜牧业的可持续发展[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2005, (1): 78-80.

[3] 秦彧, 李晓忠, 姜文清, 等. 西藏主要作物与牧草营养成分及其营养类型研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(5): 122-129.

[4] Schmidt R J, Kung J L. The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri with or without a homolactic bacterium on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage made at different locations[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(4): 1616-1624.

[5] 谢昭良, 张腾飞, 陈鑫珠, 等. 冬闲田种植2种燕麦的营养价值及土壤肥力研究[J].草业学报, 2013, 22(2): 47-53.

[6] 王奇, 余成群, 李志华, 等. 添加酶和乳酸菌制剂对西藏苇状羊茅和箭筈豌豆混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 186-191.

[7] 原现军, 余成群, 夏坤, 等. 添加青稞酒糟对西藏箭筈豌豆与苇状羊茅混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2012, 43(9): 1408-1414.

[8] 原现军, 王奇, 李志华, 等. 添加糖蜜对青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 116-123.

[9] Bolsen K K. Silage fermentation and silage additives review[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 1996, 9(5): 483-493.

[10] Guo X, Zhou H, Yu Z, et al. Changes in the distribution of nitrogen and plant enzymatic activity during ensilage of lucerne treated with different additives[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2007, 62(1): 35-43.

[11] 荣辉, 余成群, 陈杰, 等. 添加绿汁发酵液、乳酸菌制剂和葡萄糖对象草青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 108-115.

[12] Moon N J. Inhibition of the growth of acid tolerant yeasts by acetate, lactate and propionate and their synergistic mixtures[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1983, 55(3): 453-460. 

[13] 张新慧, 张永根, 赫英飞. 添加两种乙酸钠盐对玉米青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(6): 1810-1815.

[14] 许庆方, 张翔, 崔志文, 等.不同添加剂对全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2009, 17(2): 157-161.

[15] Henderson N. Silage additives[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1993, 45: 35-56.

[16] Shao T, Zhang L, Shimojo M, et al. Fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages treated with encapsulated-glucose, glucose, sorbic acid and pre-fermented juices[J]. Asian-Australia Journal of Animal Science, 2007, 20(11): 1699-1704.

[17] 张增欣, 邵涛. 丙酸对多花黑麦草青贮发酵动态变化的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 102-107.

[18] Wilkinson J M, Davies D R. The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2012, 68: 1-19.

[19] Bxton D R, Muck R E, Harrison J H. Silage Science and Technology[M]. Madison WI: American Society of Agronomy Inc, Crop Science Society of America Inc, Soil Science Society of America Inc. Publications, 2003: 130-136.

[20] Danner H. Effect of acetic acid on the aerobic stability of silages[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003, 69: 562-567.

添加乙酸对西藏燕麦和紫花苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

Effect of adding acetic acid on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mixed oat and alfalfa silage in Tibet

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	王鸿泽,王之盛,康坤,邹华围,申俊华,胡瑞. 玉米粉和乳酸菌对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 103-110.
[2]	邱小燕,原现军,郭刚,闻爱友,余成群,巴桑,邵涛. 添加糖蜜和乙酸对西藏发酵全混合日粮青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 111-118.
[3]	李君临,张新全,玉柱,郭旭生,孟祥坤,罗燕,闫艳红. 含水量和乳酸菌添加剂对多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 342-348.
[4]	张洁,原现军,郭刚,闻爱友,王坚,肖慎华,巴桑,余成群,邵涛. 添加剂对西藏燕麦和箭筈豌豆混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 359-364.
[5]	钟小仙，刘智微，刘伟国，崔莉莉，吴娟子，张建丽. 六倍体杂交狼尾草体细胞突变体特异性分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 107-113.
[6]	闫艳红，李君临，郭旭生，玉柱，张新全，孙娟娟，罗燕. 多花黑麦草与大豆秸秆混合青贮发酵品质的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 94-99.
[7]	王坚,王亚琴,闻爱友,邵涛. 糖蜜添加对西兰花茎叶稻秸苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 248-254.
[8]	孙国强,吕永艳,张杰杰. 利用体外瘤胃发酵法研究全株玉米青贮与花生蔓和羊草间的组合效应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 224-231.
[9]	张苏江,艾买尔江·吾斯曼,薛兴中,张晓,郭雪峰,陈立强. 南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 232-240.
[10]	于杰,郑琛,李发弟,郭艳丽,赵栋. 向日葵秸秆与全株玉米混合青贮饲料品质评定[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(5): 198-204.
[11]	王典,李发弟,张养东,卜登攀,孙鹏,周凌云. 马铃薯淀粉渣-玉米秸秆混合青贮料对肉羊生产性能、瘤胃内环境和血液生化指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(5): 47-54.
[12]	申成利,陈明霞,李国栋,张建国. 添加乳酸菌和菠萝皮对柱花草青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(4): 192-197.
[13]	陈明霞,刘秦华,张建国. 饲料稻新材料的特性及添加物对其青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(5): 201-206.
[14]	李洪影,焉石,孙涛,李佶恺,崔国文. 施磷对不同收获时期青贮玉米碳水化合物积累的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 90-97.
[15]	吕文龙,刁其玉,闫贵龙. 布氏乳杆菌对青玉米秸青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 143-148.