黔北轻污染耕地12种优势杂草重金属含量及富集特征

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严莲英, 范成五, 赵振宇, 刘桂华, 胡岗, 秦松. 黔北轻污染耕地12种优势杂草重金属含量及富集特征.草业学报, 2015,26(10): 237-244
YAN Lian-Ying, FAN Cheng-Wu, ZHAO Zhen-Yu, LIU Gui-Hua, HU Gang, QIN Song. Heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of dominant weed species naturally growing on farmland in Northern Guizhou.ACTA PRATACULTUAE SINICA, 2015,26(10): 237-244 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11686/cyxb2016499
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黔北轻污染耕地12种优势杂草重金属含量及富集特征

严莲英^1,², 范成五^1,³, 赵振宇⁴, 刘桂华^1,³, 胡岗^1,³, 秦松^1,^3,^*

1.贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳 550006

2.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025

3.贵州省农业资源与环境工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳 550006

4.贵州茅台酒股份有限公司,贵州仁怀 564500

*通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail:qs3761735@163.com

作者简介:严莲英(1990-),女,贵州黎平人,在读硕士。E-mail:651475942@qq.com

收稿日期: 2016-12-28

基金: 贵州省农业科学院项目“阿哈水库底泥农业资源化利用研究”(农科院创新专项[2015]01号),贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目“贵州农产品产地重金属检测与控制技术研发平台建设”(黔科合服企[2015]400号)和贵州省科技厅科技计划项目“镉低积作物筛选及土壤镉污染控制技术研究与示范”(黔科合NY[2013]3077号)资助

摘要

以一块黔北轻污染耕地生长的12种优势杂草及根区土壤为研究对象,采用野外采样和室内分析方法,利用贵州省土壤背景值、《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》、单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、富集系数和转移系数来评价土壤重金属污染状况及优势杂草对重金属的富集特征,为贵州山区重金属污染耕地的植物修复提供参考资料。结果表明,杂草根区重金属单因子污染指数范围为0.30~1.71,內梅罗综合污染指数为1.31,处于轻污染状态,其中Cd的贡献最大;调查区内生长的优势杂草,主要有铁苋菜、龙葵、艾草、稻槎菜、马唐草、黄秋葵、堇菜、野苋菜、革命菜、异叶黄鹌菜、风轮草和野葱,体内重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb含量范围分别为42.15~110.27 mg/kg、35.89~157.87 mg/kg、0.29~6.08 mg/kg和2.99~37.19 mg/kg,属一般植物正常含量范围,均未达到超富集植物水平,但铁苋菜、黄秋葵和革命菜对Cu、Zn、Cd,稻槎菜对Cu和Zn,野苋菜、堇菜和异叶黄鹌菜对Cd的富集系数和转移系数均大于1,具有成为超富集植物的潜力。

关键词: 黔北耕地; 优势杂草; 重金属; 富集特征

Heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of dominant weed species naturally growing on farmland in Northern Guizhou

YAN Lian-Ying^1,², FAN Cheng-Wu^1,³, ZHAO Zhen-Yu⁴, LIU Gui-Hua^1,³, HU Gang^1,³, QIN Song^1,^3,^*

1.Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang 550006, China

2.College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

3.Guizhou Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China

4.Kweichow Moutai Company Limited, Renhuai 564500, China

Abstract

The aim of this research was to provide reference data for the remediation of sites contaminated by heavy metals in Guizhou Province, a mountain-and-hill area. The heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of 12 dominant weeds naturally growing in farmland in northern Guizhou and their root soils were analyzed. The weeds were sampled from the field, and the soils were analyzed to determine the background concentrations of heavy metals. The quality of the soil environment with reference to heavy metal pollution was judged against the Agricultural Environment Quality Evaluation Standards, and on the basis of the single factor pollution index and the Nemerow pollution index. The bioconcentration factor and transfer factor were calculated to evaluate the enrichment characteristics of the dominant weeds. The soil had single factor pollution indexes for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ranging from 0.30 to 1.71 and a Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of 1.31. Therefore, the soil was judged as lightly polluted, and Cd was the main contributor. The dominant weeds in the study area were Acalypha australis, Solanum nigrum, Artemisia argyi, Lapsana apogonoides, Digitaria sanguinalis, Abelmoschus esculentus, Viola verecunda, Amaranthus spinosus, Gynura crepidioides, Youngia heterophylla, Clinopodium chinensis, and Allium fistulosum. The ranges of heavy metal contents in these weeds were as follows: Cu, 42.15-110.27 mg/kg; Zn, 35.89-157.87 mg/kg; Cd, 0.29-6.08 mg/kg; and Pb, 2.99-37.19 mg/kg. These values were within the normal range and were not indicative of hyperaccumulating plants. The bioconcentration factors and transfer factors were greater than 1 in A. australis, A. esculentus, and G. crepidioides for Cu, Zn, and Cd; in L. apogonoides for Cu and Zn, and in V. verecunda, A. spinosus, and Y. heterophylla for Cd. These species showed some characteristics of hyperaccumulation plants. The contents of heavy metals in lightly polluted farmland soil did not significantly affect the heavy metals contents in weeds. The absorption of Pb by the roots of weeds promoted Pb accumulation. In conclusion, the contents of heavy metals in the dominant weeds were in the normal range, but some dominant weeds possessed some important characteristics of hyperaccumulation plants, and have the potential to be hyperaccumulation plants.

Keyword: farmland of Northern Guizhou; dominant weed plants; heavy metal; enrichment characteristics

Show Figures

耕地土壤是人类赖以生存的基本条件之一, 是农业生产的基础。当前, 我国被重金属污染的耕地已占全国耕地的1/6, 每年有1200万t粮食被污染^[1], 因此农产品被重金属污染对人体造成的危害引起了社会的强烈关注。贵州属于地球化学敏感和生态环境脆弱的喀斯特碳酸盐岩区域, 受山区多云雨天气、成土母质、地形地貌和独特气候等因素影响, 岩石易风化, 土壤的重金属本底值普遍较高, 尤其是Cd^[2]。已有报道遵义农业土壤有重金属超标现象^[3], 如不进行保护, 在未来的29年土壤将会达到轻污染状态^[4]。植物修复技术作为一种低成本的绿色重金属修复技术正在快速发展。其中, 杂草具有很强的适应性、生命力和繁殖能力, 且吸收能力强, 使其可能对重金属具有较强的耐性和累积性^[5], 从而有可能成为重金属修复植物。为此, 许多学者展开相关研究, 但对象多为矿区^[6]和盆栽试验^{[7, 8]}, 鲜有对耕地杂草重金属富集特征的研究和报导, 同时, 植物修复的周期长, 加上我国对耕地的需求量大, 解决这种矛盾迫在眉睫。调查黔北耕地优势杂草体内的重金属含量, 及杂草根区土壤的重金属含量, 以期掌握该地区杂草对重金属的吸收与富集特性, 为贵州重金属污染耕地的边生产边修复模式(农作物与修复植物间套作-轮作)中修复植物的筛选提供参考资料。

1 材料与方法

1.1 样品采集与预处理

事先调查得出区域土壤为重金属轻污染(Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn分别为 0.41、56.44、49.11和60.20 mg/kg), 于2015年10月选取一块典型耕地进行研究(N 27.733374° , E 106.297149° , 海拔:894.0 m)。区域地形复杂, 取区域内1.34 hm²的典型耕地, 上一季种植玉米(Zea mays), 休闲一年, 任杂草充分生长, 后分为5个90 m²区调查长势优良的杂草种类(区域株数排在前12位的杂草), 每个采样区均匀采集15株/种, 分为地上部分和地下部分且混合均匀, 其中艾草(Artemisia argyi)因根部细小, 难以与茎叶分开, 取整株进行重金属测定。土壤样品为附着在相应杂草根部的土壤, 各个采样区每种杂草土壤混合均匀, 采用四分法, 最终每种杂草约1 kg混合土壤为1个样品。

1.2 植物样与土样分析

样品制备完毕, 于2015年11月进行室内分析, 土壤样品用微波消解, 植物样品用长管控温湿法消解, 所有样品均使用ICP-MS测定, 测定指标为: Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb。

1.3 评价标准与方法

1.3.1 土壤重金属评价方法

以贵州省土壤背景值^[9]、《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》^[10]HJ/T 332-2006为标准, 分别采用单因子污染指数(P_i)法和内梅罗综合污染指数(I)法进行土壤重金属污染评价^[11]。计算方法如下:

P_i=C_i/S_i (1)

式中:P_i 为土壤中污染物 i 的单因子污染指数, C_i 为污染物 i 的实测值; S_i 为污染物 i 的评价标准, mg/kg。

I= $\begin{matrix} \sqrt[]{\frac{{P_{imax}}^{2} + (1 / n \sum P_{i})^{2}}{2}} \end{matrix}$ (2)

式中:P_i_max为底泥单因子污染指数的最大值; n为评价样品中重金属元素个数。土壤污染水平分级标准见表 1。

表1 内梅罗污染指数评价标准 Table 1 Index of Nemerow and classification of pollution degree

1.3.2 杂草对重金属的富集能力

植物对重金属的富集能力用生物富集系数(bioconcentration factors, 简写BCF)和生物转移系数(translocation factor, 简称TF)^[12], 植物对重金属的富集系数(BCF)=地上部重金属i含量/土壤中重金属i含量; 植物对重金属的转移系数(TF)=地上部分的重金属i含量/地下部分的重金属i含量。

1.4 试验数据处理与分析

采用Excel、DPS 7.05和SPSS 19对数据进行统计与分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 杂草根区土壤重金属含量

调查区土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为45.33、75.96、0.51、32.73 mg/kg, 对照贵州省土壤背景值^[9], Cu超标0.42倍, Zn、Cd和Pb未超标, 4种重金属元素的变异系数为12.89%~29.14%。依据《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》, 土壤Cd(P_Cd=1.71)的单因子污染指数最大, 其余3种重金属的都小于1, 表明土壤只受Cd的轻度污染; 由内梅罗综合污染指数得出, I=1.31, 表明植物根区土壤已受4种重金属综合污染的轻度污染, 4种重金属污染贡献依次为Cd> Cu> Pb> Zn(表2)。

表2 根区土壤重金属含量及污染情况统计表(n=12) Table 2 Heavy metal contents and pollution conditions of root zone soil (n=12)

2.2 杂草植株重金属含量

2.2.1 杂草种类

经实地调查, 区域内生长的杂草, 主要有铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、艾草、稻槎菜(Lapsana apogonoides)、马唐草(Digitaria sanguinalis)、黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus)、堇菜(Viola verecunda)、野苋菜(Amaranthus spinosus)、革命菜(Gynura crepidioides)、异叶黄鹌菜(Youngia heterophylla)、风轮草(Clinopodium chinensis)和野葱(Allium fistulosum)。这些杂草均为当地野生的乡土植物, 经气候与土壤环境的长期选择与进化, 能够很好适应当地的生态环境, 为当地重金属修复提供有利的植被基础。

2.2.2 杂草重金属含量

杂草对重金属的吸收因杂草种类、部位及重金属类型的不同而存在一定的差异(表3)。12种杂草地上部分Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量范围分别为14.74~84.73 mg/kg、14.48~131.37 mg/kg、0.16~5.13 mg/kg和1.87~20.39 mg/kg, 地下部分Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量范围分别为20.08~45.82 mg/kg、10.82~46.12 mg/kg、0.13~1.08 mg/kg和0.58~16.80 mg/kg。目前除蔬菜、粮食作物外, 未见有关杂草重金属含量的标准限值, 因此本研究按杂草重金属含量是否属于一般植物正常含量范围进行评价, 植物Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的正常含量分别为0.4~45.8 mg/kg、 1~160 mg/kg、 0.2~3.0 mg/kg和0.1~41.7 mg/kg^[13]。

表3 杂草植株重金属含量 Table 3 Heavy metal contents of weeds mg/kg

杂草Weed	Cu		Zn		Cd		Pb
杂草Weed	地上部分 Aboveground parts		地下部分 Root		地上部分 Aboveground parts		地下部分 Root	地上部分 Aboveground parts	地下部分 Root	地上部分 Aboveground parts	地下部分 Root
铁苋菜A. australis	22.07± 1.90iH	20.08± 2.06eE	72.73± 4.38cC	36.82± 2.01bB	1.20± 0.17cCD	1.00± 0.13abAB	4.06± 0.20eDE	0.58± 0.03gF
龙葵S. nigrum	84.73± 2.12aA	25.54± 0.86dCD	131.37± 2.17aA	26.50± 2.87cdC	5.13± 0.56aA	0.95± 0.09bAB	4.54± 0.30dCD	0.75± 0.06fgF
艾草A. argyi	45.64± 0.27eD	-	35.89± 0.21gG	-	0.58± 0.02dEF	-	12.59± 0.53bB	-
稻槎菜L. apogonoides	51.11± 1.02dC	21.27± 1.11eE	81.48± 1.11bB	44.29± 1.86aA	0.26± 0.03efF	0.17± 0.02efE	2.51± 0.13gFG	0.58± 0.02gF
马唐草D. sanguinalis	25.72± 1.01hFG	30.40± 0.05bcB	55.13± 2.96eE	24.23± 2.33eE	0.23± 0.03efF	0.98± 0.01abAB	2.00± 0.19hiGH	3.48± 0.26dD
黄秋葵A. esculentus	61.99± 1.02bB	21.42± 0.69eDE	77.95± 2.35bBC	26.45± 4.15cdC	0.82± 0.10dDE	0.35± 0.05dCD	20.39± 0.26aA	16.80± 0.51aA
堇菜V. verecunda	26.86± 1.33ghFG	45.82± 1.40aA	42.34± 2.14fF	44.13± 0.63aA	1.20± 0.04cCD	0.91± 0.02bB	4.16± 0.06deDE	8.17± 0.23bB
野苋菜A. spinosus	30.12± 1.18fE	20.68± 3.07eE	65.28± 0.10dD	27.70± 0.99cC	0.53± 0.09deEF	0.25± 0.03deDE	1.87± 0.10iH	1.12± 0.09fF
革命菜G. crepidioides	59.66± 1.03cB	43.99± 2.95aA	65.30± 0.98dD	46.12± 2.06aA	2.93± 0.19bB	1.08± 0.05aA	5.02± 0.02cC	4.62± 0.19cC
异叶黄鹌菜 Y. heterophylla	28.10± 1.05fgEF	28.73± 2.95dE	51.38± 4.58eE	24.10± 0.93eE	1.38± 0.14cC	0.47± 0.10cC	2.37± 0.17ghFGH	3.34± 0.26dD
风轮草C. chinensis	14.74± 0.04jI	31.90± 0.17bB	36.20± 0.20gG	10.82± 0.44eD	0.23± 0.03efF	0.14± 0.03fE	3.60± 0.26fE	2.45± 0.10eE
野葱A. fistulosum	25.26± 0.18hG	20.88± 0.02eE	14.48± 0.45hH	23.78± 0.17dC	0.16± 0.02fF	0.13± 0.02fE	2.66± 0.26gF	0.58± 0.26gF

Note: Different lowercase letters (capital letters) within the same column indicate significant difference (P< 0.05) and very significant differences(P< 0.01).

注:不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著; 不同大写字母表示在0.01水平差异极显著。

表3 杂草植株重金属含量 Table 3 Heavy metal contents of weeds mg/kg

通过比较得出, 除铁苋菜植株总Cu含量不超过正常值外, 其余植物总Cu含量均超过正常值0~1.41倍, 说明其余11种杂草对Cu具有一定的累积能力; 龙葵和革命菜总Cd含量超过正常范围0.33~1.02倍, 说明它们对Cd具有一定的累积能力。有研究指出龙葵是Cd的超累积植物^[14], 但本次调查结果显示其含量没有达到超富集标准, 只为6.08 mg/kg, 可能是土壤中重金属Cd含量不高, 龙葵对Cd的累积未达到超累积植物水平。而其他杂草体内Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd的含量均在正常范围内, 表明它们对该环境有较强的适应能力, 并未大量累积重金属。

2.3 杂草重金属富集特征

2.3.1 富集系数

不同植物对重金属的富集能力和在各器官的分配能力不同, 有些植物将重金属吸收至体内, 将大部分往地上部转移, 而有些只将少量的重金属向地上部转移, 并且大量囤积于根部^[15]。由表4可知, 12种杂草对4种重金属的富集能力存在较大差异, 其中:对Cu的BCF> 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、艾草、稻槎菜、马唐草、黄秋葵、堇菜、革命菜和异叶黄鹌菜, 分别为1.31、2.30、1.59、1.88、1.03、1.57、1.37、2.33和1.68; 对Zn的BCF> 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、稻槎菜、黄秋葵、堇菜和革命菜, 分别为1.27、2.39、1.76、1.22、1.16和1.58; 对Cd的BCF> 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、艾草、马唐草、黄秋葵、堇菜、野苋菜、革命菜和异叶黄鹌菜, 分别为4.94、13.94、1.53、1.96、2.00、3.65、1.37、7.68和3.94; 所有杂草对Pb的BCF均小于1, 为0.10~0.85, 说明12种杂草对Pb的富集能力较弱。综合12种杂草对4种重金属的BCF, 吸收累积能力为龙葵> 革命菜> 铁苋菜> 异叶黄鹌菜> 堇菜> 黄秋葵> 稻槎菜> 艾草> 马唐草> 野苋菜> 风轮草> 野葱。

表4 杂草对4种重金属的富集能力 Table 4 Enrichment of 4 heavy metals in weeds

2.3.2 转移系数

生物TF反映植物向茎、叶转移重金属的能力, TF越大表明植物对重金属的耐性越强。如TF> 1, 说明植物能将地下部分的重金属元素转移至地上部分, 从而能大量吸收和累积重金属; 如果TF< 1, 植物为减小毒害, 通过自身的排斥机制, 阻止地下部分的重金属转移到地上部分^[6]。由表4可看出, 对于Cu, 除马唐草、堇菜、异叶黄鹌菜和风轮草的TF< 1外, 其他植物的TF都大于1, 最高的是龙葵, 达3.32; 对于Zn, 除堇菜和野葱的TF< 1外, 其他植物的TF都大于1, 最高的也是龙葵, 达4.95; 对于Cd, 除马唐草的TF< 1外, 其他植物的TF都大于1, 最高的还是龙葵, 达5.41; 对于Pb, 除马唐草、堇菜和异叶黄鹌菜外, 其余植物的TF都大于1, 最高的是铁苋菜, 达6.96, 龙葵的也达6.08。说明12种杂草对重金属具有较强的转移能力, 强弱依次为龙葵> 铁苋菜> 稻槎菜> 黄秋葵> 野苋菜> 野葱> 风轮草> 异叶黄鹌菜> 革命菜> 马唐草> 堇菜。

2.4 杂草与土壤重金属含量的关系

对12种杂草不同部位重金属含量与土壤中的重金属含量进行相关性分析(表5), 地上部分和根部中重金属含量与根区土壤中重金属浓度无明显相关关系, 但是, 杂草地上部分与根部中Pb的含量具有极显著的相关性, 说明轻污染土壤中的重金属含量对杂草体内重金属含量无明显影响, 杂草根部对Pb的吸收能促进地上部对Pb的积累。

表5 杂草与根区土壤重金属和杂草根部与地上部分重金属元素的相关分析 Table 5 Correlation analysis of heavy metal contents

3 讨论

贵州山区, 重工业较少, 但大气沉降、生活垃圾的随意丢弃, 可能致使重金属进入土壤, 产生潜在危害^[16]。调查区域4种重金属内梅罗综合污染指数显示为轻污染, 其中Cd对污染的贡献最大。其原因可能是地层下含有煤矿^[17], 加上农药、农家肥、化肥和农膜的不合理使用, 在将来可能会导致更严重的污染, 所以要重视人类活动对环境造成的污染, 并加以防治。

有研究指出满足BCF> 1和TF> 1的, 说明植物能够富集重金属, 并且将地下部分吸收的元素转移至地上部分, 从而可以在体内累积大量重金属, 符合这种特征的植物为富集型植物^{[6, 15]}。本研究结果, 对Cu的BCF> 1和TF> 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、稻槎菜、黄秋葵和革命菜; 对Zn的BCF> 1和TF> 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、稻槎菜、黄秋葵和革命菜; 对Cd的BCF> 1和TF> 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、黄秋葵、堇菜、野苋菜、革命菜和异叶黄鹌菜, 它们都符合富集型植物的特征, 但它们的重金属含量远远低于超富集植物的标准(Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb分别为1000、10000、100和1000 mg/kg^[18]), 对于杂草是否是属于富集型, 除应以BCF> 1和TF> 1为评判标准外, 还要考虑土壤中重金属浓度与植物体内重金属含量是否达到临界标准和植物的正常生长是否受到影响等因素^[19]。

调查区域土壤重金属含量较低可能是导致12种杂草体内重金属含量未达到或超过临界值的主要原因之一。在重金属污染土壤修复方面的能力, 调查区域内生长的杂草与其他同是生长在轻污染土壤中的植物, 如其他杂草植物^[20]、草本能源植物^[21]和园林植物^[22], 都无法与超积累植物相比, 但它们都具有类似于超累积植物的富集特征, 在重金属修复工程中具有一定潜力, 它们对重金属的富集能力是否会随着土壤重金属含量的增加而有所提高有待进一步的研究。

4 结论

(1)调查区土壤Cd的单因子污染指数最大, 为1.71, 其他3个重金属的单因子污染指数范围为0.30~0.45, 表明调查区域土壤仅受Cd的轻度污染, 不受Pb、Cu和Zn污染; 内梅罗综合污染指数为1.31, 调查区域土壤为4种重金属综合污染的轻度污染水平。

(2)调查区内生长的优势杂草, 主要有铁苋菜、龙葵、艾草、稻槎菜、马唐草、黄秋葵、堇菜、野苋菜、革命菜、异叶黄鹌菜、风轮草和野葱, 体内的Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量范围分别为42.15~110.27 mg/kg, 35.89~157.87 mg/kg, 0.29~6.08 mg/kg和2.99~37.19 mg/kg, 属一般植物正常含量范围, 均未达到超富集植物水平。

(3)铁苋菜、黄秋葵、革命菜、稻槎菜、野苋菜、堇菜、异叶黄鹌菜具有成为超富集植物的潜力。

(4)轻污染耕地土壤中的重金属含量对杂草体内重金属含量无明显影响, 但杂草根部对Pb的吸收能促进地上部对Pb的积累。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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2013

0.0

, Zhao C

Current situation of heavy metals pollution in soil at farmland and detection technologies analysis in China.

Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2013, (5): 1-7.

李斌, 赵春江. 我国当前农产品产地土壤重金属污染形势及检测技术分析. 农业资源与环境学报, 2013, (5): 1-7.

从农产品产地环境监测出发，针对农田土壤重金属污染问题，通过追踪一系列重金属污染事件报道，指出了进行农产品产地土壤重金属检测的重要意义；在综述现有重金属含量常规及新的检测方法基础上，分析了各自的优缺点，并针对农产品产地土壤重金属含量的检测问题，进行了现有各种重金属检测手段的对比分析，提出了目前农产品产地土壤重金属含量检测中面临的主要问题，为今后农产品产地环境中土壤重金属参数获取技术和低成本快速检测装备平台的研究和开发提供参考。

... 当前,我国被重金属污染的耕地已占全国耕地的1/6,每年有1200万t粮食被污染^[1],因此农产品被重金属污染对人体造成的危害引起了社会的强烈关注 ...

2011

0.0

Fan F

, Wang K

, Xiong

, et al.

Assessment and spatial distribution of water and soil loss in Karst regions, southwest China.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(21): 6353-6362.

凡非得, 王克林, 熊鹰, 等. 西南喀斯特区域水土流失敏感性评价及其空间分异特征. 生态学报, 2011, 31(21): 6353-6362.

... 贵州属于地球化学敏感和生态环境脆弱的喀斯特碳酸盐岩区域,受山区多云雨天气、成土母质、地形地貌和独特气候等因素影响,岩石易风化,土壤的重金属本底值普遍较高,尤其是Cd^[2] ...

2008

0.0

Chen H

, Tan

, Xie

, et al.

Distribution and risk evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of southeastern Zunyi city, China.

Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 22(1): 105-110.

陈红亮, 谭红, 谢锋, 等. 遵义东南部地区农业土壤重金属分布特征及风险评价. 核农学报, 2008, 22(1): 105-110.

对贵州省遵义东南部地区农业土壤重金属As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg污染现状进行调查和分析，结果表明，该地区重金属平均含量分别为：As 11.39mg/kg, Pb 38.75mg/kg, Cd 0.34mg/kg, Cr 40.45mg/kg, Hg 0.21mg/kg。主要污染物为Cd，单项污染指数是1.13，单项生态危害系数是50.85，为中等生态危害级，遵义县污染指数最高为1.43，单项生态危害系数为64.35。同时通过污染指数与生态危害系数比较，表明Cd、Hg在构成土壤环境污染的同时，也造成了相应的生态危害。

... 已有报道遵义农业土壤有重金属超标现象^[3],如不进行保护,在未来的29年土壤将会达到轻污染状态^[4] ...

2011

0.0

Luo

, Tan

, He J

, et al.

Early warning model for heavy metal contamination in action of agricultural soil in Southeast Zunyi.

Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2011, 27(3): 15-19.

罗艳, 谭红, 何锦林, 等. 遵义东南部地区农业土壤重金属污染预警模型. 生态与农村环境学报, 2011, 27(3): 15-19.

Based on analysis of the soil samples collected in Southeast Zunyi from 2003 to 2008, an early warning model and a deterioration speed model for heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil is worked out with the modified analytic hierarchy process and time series technique. The second exponential smoothing method is used to forecast index of soil pollution and speed of soil deterioration. Results show that in 37 years beginning from 2008, heavy metal contents in the soil will be to the grade of slight contamination in the region if no any protective measures taken on purpose. Verification reveals that the predicted values tally well with the measured, with an average relative error being <6%. The models are fit for agricultural areas where no serious accidents of heavy metal pollution have ever occurred and the heavy metal contents in the soil are relatively stable.

于2003－2008年对遵义东南部地区耕作区的土壤重金属含量进行检测，选取Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg、As 5 种重金属，将改进型层次分析法和时间序列法相结合建立农业土壤重金属污染趋势预警模型和恶化速度预警模型，采用二次指数平滑法预测未来农业土壤重金属综合污染指数及恶化速度。结果表明，如无人为保护措施，自2008年起在过37 a 该地区土壤重金属含量将达轻度污染。校验结果表明预测值与实测值较为符合，平均相对误差小于6%。该模型适用于未受过人为大量污染的、重金属含量变化较为稳定的农业地区。

... 已有报道遵义农业土壤有重金属超标现象^[3],如不进行保护,在未来的29年土壤将会达到轻污染状态^[4] ...

2008

0.0

Wei S

, Yang C

, Zhou Q

Hyperaccumulative characteristics of 7 widely distributing weed species in composite family especially Bidens pilosa to heavy metals.

Environmental Science, 2008, 29(10): 2912-2918.

魏树和, 杨传杰, 周启星. 三叶鬼针草等7种常见菊科杂草植物对重金属的集特征. 环境科学, 2008, 29(10): 2912-2918.

... 其中,杂草具有很强的适应性、生命力和繁殖能力,且吸收能力强,使其可能对重金属具有较强的耐性和累积性^[5],从而有可能成为重金属修复植物 ...

2016

0.0

Wu H

, Tian

, Weng G

, et al.

Study on heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of dominant plant species settled naturally on Coal Gangue Pile.

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(2): 317-322.

吴汉福, 田玲, 翁贵英, 等. 煤矸石山优势植物对重金属吸收及富集特征. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(2): 317-322.

对六盘水市某煤矿煤矸石山14种优势植物根际土壤污染状况以及对重金属吸收与富集特征进行研究。结果表明:煤矸石风化土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb有明显积累,Cd的污染最为严重。对各种植物体内的重金属含量分析发现,地上部分中Cu、Pb含量最高的植物为假酸浆,分别为46.79,12.56mg/kg;Zn含量最高的植物是酸模叶蓼,为60.97mg/kg;Cd含量最高的植物是龙葵,为1.84mg/kg。对转移系数和富集系数分析发现,鬼针草、千里光、龙葵、醉鱼草艾蒿和野棉花对Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb具有较强转移能力;假酸浆的地上部分对Cd的富集系数最高,为1.28;假酸浆的地下部分对重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb的富集系数也较高,分别为1.83,0.90,3.20,1.96。因此,假酸浆可作为煤矸石风化土植被恢复的植物,同时也可用于重金属污染土壤的修复植物。

... 为此,许多学者展开相关研究,但对象多为矿区^[6]和盆栽试验^[7,8],鲜有对耕地杂草重金属富集特征的研究和报导,同时,植物修复的周期长,加上我国对耕地的需求量大,解决这种矛盾迫在眉睫 ...

... 1,植物为减小毒害,通过自身的排斥机制,阻止地下部分的重金属转移到地上部分^[6] ...

... 1的,说明植物能够富集重金属,并且将地下部分吸收的元素转移至地上部分,从而可以在体内累积大量重金属,符合这种特征的植物为富集型植物^[6,15] ...

2011

0.0

Chen

, Long X

, Zheng X

, et al.

Effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of Cd uptake and translocation in seedlings of two Helianthus tuberosus varieties.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(6): 60-67.

陈良, 隆小华, 郑晓涛, 等. 镉胁迫下两种菊芋幼苗的光合作用特征及镉吸收转运差异的研究. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 60-67.

2010

0.0

, Wang Y

Research on Cu uptake and tolerance of four Pteridophyta plants.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3): 191-197.

李影, 王友保. 4种蕨类草本植物对Cu的吸收和耐性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(3): 191-197.

摘　要：采用野外调查分析和温室营养液砂培实验的方法,研究了铜尾矿区附近生长的4种蕨类植物对重金属Cu的耐性和吸收积累特性。结果表明,节节草和蜈蚣草对Cu的耐性较大叶井口边草和金星蕨高。Cu污染条件下,前两者的根系耐性指数较高,其中,节节草根系耐性指数相对最高,平均为1.24,蜈蚣草次之,为0.69,大叶井口边草相对最低,不足0.50。各植物对Cu均以地下部积累为主,且积累量随Cu处理浓度的增加而显著升高,地上部Cu含量相对较低,与Cu处理浓度之间均无显著相关。植物对Cu的吸收和积累能力因植物种类而不同,其大小顺序为蜈蚣草〉节节草〉大叶井口边草〉金星蕨。由于蜈蚣草生物量明显大于节节草,各处理浓度下,蜈蚣草地上部迁移总量均较高。在20mg/LCu污染下,蜈蚣草地上部迁移总量为55.87mg,节节草仅为5.74mg。总之,节节草和蜈蚣草对铜具有较高的耐性和积累作用,可作为先锋植物去修复铜污染土壤。其中,当进行铜污染土壤的植物稳定和植被恢复时,可选择耐性强、覆盖快的节节草;若要对污染土壤进行生物净化,可选择生物量较大的蜈蚣草。

1990

0.0

... 以贵州省土壤背景值^[9]、《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》^[10]HJ/T 332-2006为标准,分别采用单因子污染指数(P_i)法和内梅罗综合污染指数(I)法进行土壤重金属污染评价^[11] ...

... 73 mg/kg,对照贵州省土壤背景值^[9],Cu超标0 ...

0.0

2013

0.0

Turdi

, Abuduwaili

, Jiang F

Distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal content in northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and its source explanation. Chinese Journal of

Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(7): 883-890.

穆叶赛尔·吐地, 吉力力·阿布都外力, 姜逢清. 天山北坡土壤重金属含量的分布特征及其来源解释. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(7): 883-890.

Pedosphere constitutes an important part of the earth surface and is the base for most lives. Sustaining better quality soil is a prerequisite for healthy ecosystem. In recent decades, however, soil conditions have been heavily affected by rapid agricultural and industry activities. Heavy metal soil contamination and pollution from enhanced human activity have become a major threat to the health of regional ecosystems. As a result, research on heavy metal contamination of soils (e.g., discriminating the sources and evaluating environmental risks of heavy metals) has become a hot-field in geography, pedo-science and environmental science. Located in central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region with relatively plenty rainfall, Tianshan Mountains is an important water source and ecological barrier in China. Variations in ecological and environmental conditions in the mountains have exerted an obvious pressure on the oases in the lower reaches. In August 2011, a field investigation was carried out in order to gain a comprehensive insight into soil heavy metal contamination conditions of Tianshan Mountains. A total of 153 soil samples were collected from three sections - the eastern (Balikun-Yiwu), middle (Xinyuan-Bayinbuluke) and western (Zhaosu-Tekesi)-in that northern slop of Tianshan Mountains. The samples were sent to the laboratory in the Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences for analysis for heavy metals. Five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were analyzed using standard methods. Using single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index, quantitative comparison was done for soil heavy metal pollution in different sections with the soil background value in Xinjiang and the secondary standard of soil environmental quality (GB15618-1995). Moreover, the distribution features and pollution sources of soil heavy metals in the different sections were analyzed and illustrated using principal component analysis. The results showed that soil heavy metal content and the related single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index for the eastern section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains (Balikun-Yiwu) were higher than those in the middle (Xinyuan-Bayinbuluke) and western sections (Zhaosu-Tekesi). The soil heavy metal pollution level in the middle section was higher than that in the western section. Heavy metal pollution in the eastern section of the northern slope (Balikun-Yiwu) was caused mainly by human factors such as traffic, industry, agriculture, tourism. Although human factors (traffic and industry) had some effects, soil heavy metal pollution in the middle section (Xinyuan-Bayinbuluke) was mainly from soil parent materials. In the western section (Zhaosu-Tekesi), soil parent materials were main resources of soil heavy pollution with some effects from agriculture.

以天山北坡巴里坤伊吾、新源巴音布鲁克和昭苏特克斯3个区段为研究区域, 利用新疆土壤背景值、土壤环境质量二级标准(GB15618-1995)、单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对不同区段土壤重金属含量进行污染评价, 应用多元统计分析方法对不同区段之间的土壤重金属含量及其污染指数进行定量比较, 分析并阐明不同区段土壤重金属含量的分布特征及其污染来源。结果表明: 天山北坡巴里坤伊吾区段各重金属(Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量的平均值及其单因子污染指数和综合污染指数比新源巴音布鲁克区段、昭苏特克斯区段高, 新源巴音布鲁克区段的比昭苏特克斯区段高。巴里坤伊吾区段土壤重金属污染程度比新源巴音布鲁克区段、昭苏特克斯区段高, 新源巴音布鲁克区段的比昭苏特克斯区段高。巴里坤伊吾区段重金属污染除了受成土母质的影响之外, 还受人为因子(交通、工业和农业、旅游业)的影响, 其中PC1方差贡献率为91.22%; 新源巴音布鲁克区段土壤重金属污染除了受成土母质的影响之外, 还受人为因子(交通和工业)的影响, 其中PC1方差贡献率为67.58%, PC2贡献率为22.47%; 昭苏特克斯区段土壤重金属污染主要受成土母质的影响, 此外该区段的农业对其也有一定影响, 其中PC1方差贡献率为47.93%, PC2方差贡献率为29.84%。

2011

0.0

Miao F

, Sun

, Chen

, et al.

Study on Lead-Zinc Tailings soil and five plants occurring naturally in lead-zinc mining tailings in Lanping.

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2011, 5(1): 189-194.

缪福俊, 孙浩, 陈玲, 等. 兰坪铅锌尾矿区土壤与自然发生的5种植物的研究. 环境工程学报, 2011, 5(1): 189-194.

By investigation and analysis of the soil and the vegetation occurring naturally in lead-zinc mining tailings of Lanping, it is found that the soil of lead-zinc mining tailings is seriously polluted by cadmium, which is 350 times of the background level of soil in Yunnan Province, and then followed by Pb, Zn. The contents of heavy metals have been decreasing with the time of piling up，and there is obviously higher content in center of mining tailing than in the edge.There are many plant populations occuring naturally in mining tailings, among them, five populations are dominant and widespread, the others distribute occasionally in the edge of mining tailings. The five prevalent plants are characterized by relatively strong heavy metals tolerance and accumulation capability in filed, Cyperus microiria have the strongest capacity of accumulation for Cd，Pb. However, the amount of heavy metal accumulation in plant does not approach the hyperaccumulation plant definition. Both Coriaria nepalensis and Elaeagnus pungens have higher capability tolerating heavy metal than the others.These two actinorhizal plants are candidates of pioneer plants for bioremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, due to their symbiotic nitrogen fixation with Frankia.

对兰坪铅锌尾矿区的土壤和自然发生植物的调查分析发现：该尾矿区土壤污染以Cd最为严重，是云南土壤背景值的350倍，其次是以Pb、Zn为主。尾矿区重金属含量随堆积时间而减少，尾矿边缘重金属含量明显低于中心。尾矿区自然发生多种植物类群，绝大多数植物类群零星发生，仅有5种植物为优势类群。5种优势植物对铅锌富集和耐性研究表明，这5种植物对重金属具有较强的耐性与富集能力，虽然莎草对Cd、Pb的富集能力最强，但5种植物的富集量均未达到超积累植物所规定的临界含量。研究表明，放线菌根植物马桑与胡颓子的耐性都高于其他3种植物，它们能与Frankia菌共生固氮，是重金属污染土壤植物修复的先锋候选植物。

... 植物对重金属的富集能力用生物富集系数(bioconcentration factors,简写BCF)和生物转移系数(translocation factor,简称TF)^[12],植物对重金属的富集系数(BCF)=地上部重金属i含量/土壤中重金属i含量 ...

2013

0.0

, Qiu

, Peng J

, et al.

Heavy metal contents and enrichment characteristics of dominant plants in a Lead-Zinc Tailings in Xiashuiwan of Hunan Province.

Environmental Science, 2013, 34(9): 3595-3600.

何东, 邱波, 彭尽晖, 等. 湖南下水湾铅锌尾矿库优势植物重金属含量及富集特征. 环境科学, 2013, 34(9): 3595-3600.

摘　要：矿区废弃地优势植物调查与筛选是植物修复研究的重点.通过研究湖南下水湾铅锌尾矿库区土壤重金属含量,以及库区优势植物对Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Cu等重金属的富集能力与转移特征,筛选出适应该地区生态修复的先锋植物.结果表明,库区发现高等植物40种,40属22科,并筛选出15种优势植物.其中地枇杷地上部分Pb含量为正常含量上限值的4.01倍,转运系数达到3.91,富集系数达到 14.4,可见地枇杷对Pb具有很强的转运能力与富集能力,因此地枇杷对库区污染土壤修复具有巨大潜力,需对其Pb富集能力作进一步研究.除地枇杷外,其余14种优势植物对尾矿库区重金属污染有较好的耐性,可作为下水湾尾矿库区生态修复的先锋植物.

... 7 mg/kg^[13] ...

2015

0.0

, Gong X

, Wei S

Research progress on technologies of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.

Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(11): 3261-3270.

安婧, 宫晓双, 魏树和. 重金属污染土壤超积累植物修复关键技术的发展. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(11): 3261-3270.

Heavy metal contamination in soil has become a serious problem in China in recent years. It not only affects the food safety and human health, but also limits the sustainable development. Among numerous remediation techniques, phytoremediation with hyperaccumulator plants is a low cost, effective, easy to operate, safe, and environmentally friendly technology for remediating heavy metal contaminated soils, and has been considered as one of the most potential green remediation technologies. The history and development of the phytoremediation technique is reviewed, and the essential technical problems limiting the development of the technique on large scale in China, such as selection and identification of the hyperaccumulator, the mechanism of absorption and transport of heavy metals, strengthening measures, and safe disposal and utilization of hyperaccumulator, are elucidated in the present paper. The perspectives of the application of phytoremediation in future are also discussed.

我国土壤重金属污染问题日益突出，严重影响食品安全和人类健康，同时也制约了社会经济的可持续发展。在众多土壤重金属修复技术中，超富集植物修复技术以廉价高效、操作简单、安全可靠、环境友好等优点，被认为是最具发展潜力的绿色修复技术之一。本文回顾了该技术在国内外的发展历程，并对超积累植物的筛选鉴定、对重金属的吸收转运机制、强化修复措施及植物安全处置与利用等几个关键技术进行了阐述，对该技术今后的发展方向和突破点进行了展望。

... 有研究指出龙葵是Cd的超累积植物^[14],但本次调查结果显示其含量没有达到超富集标准,只为6 ...

2014

0.0

Chen

, Shen

, Fang Y

, et al.

Heavy metals pollution risk and characteristics of plant accumulation along Zihu River.

Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(14): 198-205.

陈勤, 沈羽, 方炎明, 等. 紫湖溪流域重金属污染风险与植物富集特征. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(14): 198-205.

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution in the soil of farmland is regarded as serious threats to agricultural production environment in China. Zihu River is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. The source of Zihu River is the purple mountain, a famous local mountain. The pollution problem of Zihu River has aroused public concerns because of heavy metal contamination caused by sewage. To investigate and assess the situation of heavy metal pollution of Zihu River region, concentrations of heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined and analyzed for brook water, the soil from river silt and riverbank, as well as for the riverbank plants of nine species. These species include Trifolium repens, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Chenopodium glaucum, Commelina communis, Ranunculus ternatus, Poa annua, Ligustrum lucidum, Lycium chinense, Broussonetia papyrifera. An assessment of heavy-metal contamination was conducted by means of pollution index (Pi). Such data may provide information for screening of heavy metal accumulator, and for phytoremediation of heavy metals. The results indicated that serious contamination of Cd and Mn was found in the brook water, the concentrations for Cd and Mn were 0.003 mg/L and 0.124 mg/L, respectively. Among the heavy metals in the soil from the river silt, contamination of Zn, Cd and Cu was serious based on the Pi values (18.89, 8.53 and 6.25, respectively), with the order of potential ecological risk as: Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Ni＞ Cr＞Mn. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly (p < 0.05) positive correlation among concentrations of heavy metals in the riparian soil, which indicated that they were mainly polluted by sewage and silt. High concentrations of Cd, Zn and Cu were investigated from the soil of the riverbank based on the Pi values (3.68, 3.61 and 3.41, respectively). The bioconcentration factor (BFs) to Cd, Cr and Pb were quite lower among all the nine species due probably to the selective absorption of the plants. Because Pb is toxic to all plants, the transfer factors (TF) to Pb for all the nine species were typically less than 1. This meant that they were all compartment types to Pb. Plants growing on the sites with heavy metal pollution can gradually evolve into differentiated ecotypes based on the survey of plant population and the result of heavy metal concentration. Wetland ecotypes, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Ranunculus ternatus, have an advantage for accumulating of heavy metals. Poa annua, Chenopodium glaucum and Lycium chinense can resistant to absorption heavy metals. Broussonetia papyrifera, a species of woody plants, will play a great function in the field of phytoremediation for soils contaminated by heavy metals in the future due to its higher bioconcentration factor and transfer factor to some heavy metals, as well as its huge biomass. This case study also provided useful information for monitoring of heavy metals and phytoremediation of river systems contaminated among other cities.

土壤重金属污染已成为当今农业与环境领域关注的热点。为揭示紫湖溪流域重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn）污染状况，该研究测定与分析了紫湖溪水体、河底淤泥和河岸土壤以及9种河岸植物的重金属含量，利用污染指数法系统评估其污染状况，进而筛选出具有富集与修复重金属污染潜力的植物。结果表明，紫湖溪水体中Cd与Mn严重超标；河底淤泥中Cd、Zn和Cu污染严重，重金属潜在生态风险：Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Ni＞Cr＞Mn；河岸土壤受污水与底泥泛滥影响，土壤重金属间呈显著正相关性，其中，Cd、Zn和Cu重度污染；9种优势植物对重金属的选择性吸收导致其对Cd、Cr和Pb的富集系数（BCF，bioconcentration factor）偏低，转移系数（TF，translocation factor）均小于1，表现出根部囤积型特征。早熟禾、灰绿藜和枸杞对重金属的吸收具有抵抗性，湿地生态型植物水花生与猫爪草对富集重金属具有独特优势，构树对多种重金属较强的富集与转移能力暗示了该木本植物在重金属修复技术领域的巨大应用前景。

... 不同植物对重金属的富集能力和在各器官的分配能力不同,有些植物将重金属吸收至体内,将大部分往地上部转移,而有些只将少量的重金属向地上部转移,并且大量囤积于根部^[15] ...

2015

0.0

Gou Y

, Shen

, Zhao Q

Survey and evaluation on heavy metal pollution in producing environment of main agricultural products in Jining.

Journal of Changjiang Vegetables, 2015, (10): 35-37.

苟艳丽, 申颖, 赵千里. 济宁市主要农产品产地环境重金属污染调查及评价. 长江蔬菜, 2015, (10): 35-37.

随着工业化进程的加快和农业生产中化肥、农药的不合理使用，农产品产地环境受重金属污染的风险也逐渐增大。对济宁地区主要农产品基地产地环境中重金属污染现状进行了调查及评价，发现水稻基地农田土壤受砷（As）的影响较大，蔬菜基地产地环境条件较好，没有受到重金属污染，适合发展安全蔬菜生产。

... 3 讨论贵州山区,重工业较少,但大气沉降、生活垃圾的随意丢弃,可能致使重金属进入土壤,产生潜在危害^[16] ...

2015

0.0

... 其原因可能是地层下含有煤矿^[17],加上农药、农家肥、化肥和农膜的不合理使用,在将来可能会导致更严重的污染,所以要重视人类活动对环境造成的污染,并加以防治 ...

2010

0.0

Zhang Z

, Yao D

, Zheng Y

, et al.

The phytoremediation potential of six compositae plants to soil pollution of heavy metal in coal mine collapse and reclaimed area.

Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, (10): 1742-1747.

张治国, 姚多喜, 郑永红, 等. 煤矿塌陷复垦区6种菊科植物土壤重金属污染修复潜力研究. 煤炭学报, 2010, (10): 1742-1747.

... 1的有铁苋菜、龙葵、黄秋葵、堇菜、野苋菜、革命菜和异叶黄鹌菜,它们都符合富集型植物的特征,但它们的重金属含量远远低于超富集植物的标准(Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb分别为1000、10000、100和1000 mg/kg^[18]),对于杂草是否是属于富集型,除应以BCF#cod#x0003E ...

2008

0.0

Liu Z

, Yang G

, Yang

, et al.

Soil heavy metals concentrations and the irenrichment characteristics by plants in tungsten mine areas of South Jiangxi.

Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 27(8): 1345-1350.

刘足根, 杨国华, 杨帆, 等. 赣南钨矿区土壤重金属含量与植物富集特征. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(8): 1345-1350.

对赣州大余县境内四大国有钨矿(西华山、荡坪、漂塘、下垄)的尾砂库区土壤和植物重金属含量进行了分析,结果表明:尾砂库区土壤受到重金属Zn、Cd、Mo、Cu、Pb与W的污染,而且Cd和Mo含量较高;在4个尾砂库区中,下垄矿区尾砂库的重金属污染比其他3个尾砂库严重.4个尾砂库区共出现了53种植物,隶属31科52属,这些植物重金属富集系数的高低顺序为 Zn＞Cd＞Mo＞Cu＞Pb＞W.另外,植物不同的耐性机制使它们对重金属的富集表现出不同特性,芒箕、龙葵、酸模等植物地上部富集较多重金属,可用于污染土壤的植物修复;乌毛蕨、梵天花和狗脊蕨等在根部富集较多重金属,可用于植物固化技术;狗尾草、鬼针草、白苏富集极少重金属,可作为矿区废弃地植被重建的先锋物种.

... 1为评判标准外,还要考虑土壤中重金属浓度与植物体内重金属含量是否达到临界标准和植物的正常生长是否受到影响等因素^[19] ...

2015

0.0

Jian

, Zhang

, Yang W

, et al.

Accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in weed plants from a catchment of Lower Minjiang River. Journal of

Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(11): 2063-2069.

简毅, 张健, 杨万勤, 等. 岷江下游11种杂草对重金属的富集特征. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(11): 2063-2069.

Phytoremediation of soil heavy metals has drawn much attention. In this study, we investigated content and distribution of 5 heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in different parts of 11 weed plants collected from a typical catchment of Minjiang River in Wutongqiao District of Sichuan Province.(1)Soil pH and organic matter were 5.57 and 12.94 μg·g -1 , respectively.(2)The soils were polluted heavily by Cd, but less by the others.(3)The content of heavy metals in weed plants was Zn> Pb> Cu> As> Cd, with As mainly accumulated in the roots.(4)The plants with two or more heavy metals higher in above-ground than in below-ground were Lophatherum gracile, Rumex patientia, Emilia sonchifolia, Lygodium yunnanense, Dicranopteris dichotoma, Ophiopogon Japonicus, Clematis montana, Oxalis corniculata and Pteris vittata .(5)All weed plants showed a weaker capacity to accumulate As, as indicated by As bio-accumulation and transfer index of lower than 1. Both bio-accumulation and transfer index were more than 1 for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn in D. dichotoma and P. vittata , Cd, Pb and Zn in L. gracile , E. sonchifolia, L. yunnanense and O. corniculata , Cd and Cu in O. Japonicus , and Cd and Zn in C. montana . The results indicate that these weeds have the potential to rehabilitate heavy metal-polluted soils.

为了解岷江下游11种杂草不同部位(根、地上部)中5种重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn)的含量特征,选取五通桥段典型集水区,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,探讨该区杂草对重金属的富集和转运能力.结果表明,集水区土壤除Cd污染严重外,整体污染较轻.11种草本植物重金属含量为Zn> Pb> Cu> As> Cd,且根系都对As有明显的滞留效应.淡竹叶、巴天酸模、一点红、云南海金沙、铁芒箕、麦冬、绣球藤、酸浆草和蜈蚣草植株都存在地上部均有2种或者2种以上的重金属含量高于根部.11种杂草对重金属As富集能力都不强,富集系数和转运系数均小于1.铁芒箕和蜈蚣草对重金属Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn,淡竹叶、一点红、云南海金沙和酸浆草对Cd、Pb、Zn,麦冬对Cd和Cu,绣球藤对Cd和Zn的富集系数和转运系数都大于1,这些植物均具有超富集植物的一些重要特征,具有成为超富集植物的潜力.

... 在重金属污染土壤修复方面的能力,调查区域内生长的杂草与其他同是生长在轻污染土壤中的植物,如其他杂草植物^[20]、草本能源植物^[21]和园林植物^[22],都无法与超积累植物相比,但它们都具有类似于超累积植物的富集特征,在重金属修复工程中具有一定潜力,它们对重金属的富集能力是否会随着土壤重金属含量的增加而有所提高有待进一步的研究 ...

2012

0.0

Hou X

, Fan X

, Wu J

, et al.

Potentiality of Herbaceous Bioenergy plants in remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals.

Chinese Journal of Grassland , 2012, 34(1): 59-64.

侯新村, 范希峰, 武菊英, 等. 草本能源植物修复重金属污染土壤的潜力. 中国草地学报, 2012, 34(1): 59-64.

在北京郊区重金属轻度污染土地开展了柳枝稷、荻、芦竹、杂交狼尾草四种草本能源植物的规模化种植,分析其对砷、汞、铜、铬、铅、镉等六种重金属的富集能力与修复潜力.结果表明,四种草本能源植物均属于非超积累植物,但柳枝稷、荻、芦竹、杂交狼尾草的生物质产量较高,分别为23.23t· hm-2、28.22t·hm-2、47.08t·hm-2、59.22t·hm-2,且不受重金属轻度污染的明显负面影响,因此其重金属绝对富集量可观.杂交狼尾草对砷、汞、铜、铅、镉的绝对富集量分别为23.12g· hm-2、0.35g·hm-2、1132.62g· hm-2、95.18g· hm-2、6.07g·hm-2,芦竹对铬的绝对富集量达到1333.37g·hm-2.草本能源植物对重金属污染土壤具有一定的修复潜力,并以杂交狼尾草最大,芦竹、荻、柳枝稷次之.

2016

0.0

Fan J

, Niu L

, Pang

Absorption and accumulation characteristics of different ornamental plants to soil heavy metals in Yunnan Province.

Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(7): 467-472.

樊佳奇, 牛来春, 庞磊. 云南地区不同园林植物对土壤重金属的吸收富集特征. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(7): 467-472.