干旱胁迫下硅对肥皂草抗氧化系统及膜质稳定性的影响

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杨慧颖, 邓雅楠, 许凌欣, 严俊鑫. 干旱胁迫下硅对肥皂草抗氧化系统及膜质稳定性的影响.草业学报, 2015,26(10): 77-86
YANG Hui-Ying, DENG Ya-Nan, XU Ling-Xin, YAN Jun-Xin. Effects of silicon on the antioxidant system and membrane stability of Saponaria officinalis under drought stress .ACTA PRATACULTUAE SINICA, 2015,26(10): 77-86 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11686/cyxb2016486
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干旱胁迫下硅对肥皂草抗氧化系统及膜质稳定性的影响

杨慧颖^1,², 邓雅楠², 许凌欣², 严俊鑫^1,^2,^*

1.东北林业大学东北油田盐碱植被恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

2.东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

*通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail:yanjunxin@163.com

作者简介:杨慧颖(1992-),女,河北秦皇岛人,硕士。E-mail:ylzwyhy@163.com

收稿日期: 2016-12-26

基金: 东北油田盐碱植被恢复与重建教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学)开放基金(SAVER1609)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2572016CA11) 资助

摘要

以盆栽肥皂草为试验材料,通过对每kg干土施0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 g SiO₂并设置正常水分、轻度胁迫、重度胁迫3种水分梯度,测定并分析胁迫期间肥皂草叶片保护酶活性、抗氧化剂含量、丙二醛含量和相对电导率的变化情况,以期探讨干旱胁迫下硅对抗氧化系统与膜质稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度和天数的增加,肥皂草叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性和GSH、ASA含量呈现先上升后下降趋势,而丙二醛含量与叶片相对电导率呈现增加趋势。与CK相比,施一定量的硅能使干旱条件下肥皂草SOD、POD、CAT活性最高增加30%以上,丙二醛含量和相对电导率降低达25%以上,并稳定了GSH、ASA含量,说明硅能有效缓解干旱对肥皂草细胞膜的破坏,提高肥皂草抗氧化系统的防御能力,保护其正常生理机能不被破坏。随着硅浓度的增加,肥皂草抗旱性逐渐增强并趋于平稳,最适宜硅肥浓度为每kg干土SiO₂含量0.3~0.4 g。

关键词: 硅; 干旱胁迫; 保护酶; 抗氧化系统; 细胞膜

Effects of silicon on the antioxidant system and membrane stability of Saponaria officinalis under drought stress

YANG Hui-Ying^1,², DENG Ya-Nan², XU Ling-Xin², YAN Jun-Xin^1,^2,^*

1.Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

2.The College of Landscape, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of silicon on the antioxidant system and membrane stability of Saponaria officinalis under drought stress. Silicon was added to soil at four concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 g/kg SiO₂) and the soil moisture content was adjusted to impose normal conditions, mild drought stress, and severe drought stress on S. officinalis. The protective enzyme activity, antioxidant content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and relative electrical conductivity of the leaves of S. officinalis were determined. The results showed that with increasing severity and longer duration of drought stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ASA (ascorbic acid) in the leaves of S. officinalis first increased and then decreased, and the MDA content and relative electric conductivity increased. Compared with the control, the treatments with silicon added to soil showed higher activities of SOD, POD, CAT (>30% higher) under drought stress, and lower MDA content and relative electrical conductivity (>25% lower), resulting in more stable GSH and ASA contents. These results indicated that silicon can effectively alleviate damage to S. officinalis cell membranes under drought stress by improving the performance of the antioxidant system. As the concentration of silicon increased, the drought resistance of S. officinalis increased gradually and then stabilized. The optimal concentration of SiO₂ in soil was 0.3-0.4 g/kg.

Keyword: silicon; drought stress; protective enzyme; antioxidant system; the cell membrane

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硅在地壳中的含量仅次于氧, 是植物有益元素, 促进植物生长发育^[1]。土壤中含硅量为50%~70%, 但植物可以直接吸收利用的有效硅一般为50~250 mg/kg^[2]。干旱是植物面临的主要逆境之一, 不仅抑制植物生长发育^{[3, 4]}, 在园林应用上则限制植物种类、降低观赏效果、增加养护成本, 对水资源短缺地区园林绿化管理不利。干旱条件下植物体内生成大量活性氧, 破坏膜脂稳定性, 膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量增加, 植物自身的保护酶与抗氧化剂等协调作用可以清除这些活性氧, 减缓细胞膜损害, 但随着胁迫的持续, 植物自身防御能力有限, 活性氧不断积累, 损害发生^{[5, 6]}。研究表明, 外源硅能够缓解干旱对植物造成的伤害, 提高植物的抗旱性^{[7, 8, 9, 10]}, 但这类研究以农作物和草坪植物为主, 针对园林植物施加硅的研究甚少。

肥皂草(Saponaria officinalis)是石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)肥皂草属(Saponaria)多年生草本植物, 花期长, 繁殖快, 生命力强, 短期就能形成优美景观, 适用于多种园林景观形式, 是园林中常见的植物材料。已有研究得出, 硅可以促进盐胁迫下肥皂草种子萌发^[11], 增强干旱胁迫下肥皂草光合呼吸作用^[12], 而关于硅在肥皂草干旱胁迫下抗氧化系统和细胞膜稳定性方面的研究未见报道。因此, 有必要研究外源硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草保护酶、抗氧化剂及细胞膜稳定性的影响, 进一步探索硅在肥皂草抗氧化防御系统方面的作用, 以期为加强园林植物抗旱能力、优化旱区植物配置、节约养护成本、发展生态园林提供更多参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料与处理方法

2015年5月选取长势一致的肥皂草裸根苗移栽到直径25 cm花盆中, 用1∶ 3的蛭石和草炭土作为基质, 混匀, 测得pH 5.84, 有效磷为63.35 mg/kg, 有效氮为96.45 mg/kg, 速效钾为187.34 mg/kg, 有效硅为129.19 mg/kg, 有机质为41.6 g/kg。试验在东北林业大学苗圃内进行, 以硫酸钾为基肥, 硅酸钾(K₂SiO₄)作硅肥, 加入硅酸钾所引入的钾量从硫酸钾中扣除。基肥和硅肥一次性施入土壤, 混合均匀。试验设4个硅处理水平, 每kg干土施硅量分别为:0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 g SiO₂(分别用Si₁, Si₂, Si₃, Si₄表示, 每盆干土净重约1.3 kg)。设置1个对照CK(不施硅)。同年6月, 采用称重法^{[9, 10]}测定土壤含水量, 并用自然干旱法对水分进行控制, 根据预实验得出水分控制的最佳梯度, 分别是土壤田间持水量的80%~90%、50%~65%、30%~45%(分别用T₁、T₂、T₃表示正常水分、轻度胁迫、重度胁迫)。土壤相对含水量达到干旱胁迫条件时, 称重补水使水分保持在相应梯度, 于胁迫后的1, 5, 10, 15, 20 d选择成熟健康的植株叶片于液氮中速冻后放入-80 ℃冰箱保存, 重复3次。

1.2 测定指标与方法

(1)取叶片0.5 g, 加1 mL预冷的磷酸缓冲液在冰浴上研磨成浆, 4 ℃下4000 r/min离心15 min, 上清液, 即为粗酶液, 用于超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的测定。

SOD活性测定采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)法^[13]:取5 mL指形管数支, 2支作为对照管, 将下列试剂依次加入各试管中:0.05 mol/L磷酸缓冲液1.5 mL; 130 mmol/L 甲硫氨酸(Met)溶液0.3 mL; 750 μ mol/L的氮蓝四唑(NBT)溶液0.3 mL; 100 μ mol/L的乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-Na₂)溶液0.3 mL; 2.0 μ mol/L的核黄素溶液0.3 mL; 酶液0.05 mL, 2支对照管以磷酸缓冲液代替酶液; 蒸馏水0.25 mL。总体积3 mL。混匀后将1支对照管置暗处, 其他各管于4000 lx日光下反应20 min, 反应结束, 以不照光的对照管做空白, 在560 nm下测定吸光度。

POD活性的测定采用愈创木酚法^{[13, 14]}:酶活性测定的反应体系为, 2.9 mL 0.05 mol/L磷酸缓冲液; 1 mL 2% H₂O₂, 1 mL 0.05 mol/L愈创木酚和0.1 mL酶液。用加热煮沸5 min的酶液为对照, 反应体系加入酶液后立即于37 ℃中保温15 min左右, 然后迅速转入冰浴, 加入2 mL 20% 三氯乙酸(TCA)终止反应, 5000 r/min离心10 min, 470 nm波长下测定吸光度。

CAT活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计法^[15]:取2.9 mL Tris-HCl缓冲液, 加入50 μ L粗酶液, 快速混匀, 倒入比色皿中, 封口, 预热5 min, 加入50 μ L的750 mmol/L H₂O₂并计时, 在波长240 nm处测量吸光度, 每隔30 s读一次。以每min内240 nm处吸光度变化0.01为1个过氧化物酶活性单位(1 U)。

(2)取叶片0.5 g加入5 mL 5% TCA溶液研磨匀浆, 在12000 r/min离心10 min, 上清液定容至5 mL, 用于抗坏血酸(ASA)含量和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的测定。

ASA含量的测定参照Hodges等^[16]的方法:吸取上述制备好的样品上清液0.2 mL, 分别加入150 mmol的NaH₂PO₄(pH 7.4)0.2 mL、H₂O 0.2 mL, 混合均匀, 至少30 s后, 再依次分别往各管中加入0.4 mL 10% TCA, 0.4 mL 44% H₃PO₄, 0.4 mL 4% 2, 2-二联吡啶和0.2 mL 3% FeCl₃, 混合后在37 ℃水浴中保温60 min, 然后测525 nm处的吸光值。同样程序制作标准曲线, 根据标准曲线计算样品中ASA的含量。

GSH含量的测定参照Griffith^[17]的方法:分别取上述样品提取液0.25 mL, 各加入2.6 mL 150 mmol NaH₂PO₄(pH 7.7)、2-硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)试剂0.18 mL, 以加磷酸缓冲液代替DNTB试剂作空白。摇匀后, 于30 ℃保温反应5 min, 测定412 nm波长下的吸光度值, 同样程序制作标准曲线, 根据标准曲线计算样品中GSH的含量。

(3)丙二醛(MDA)含量的测定采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法^[13]:取叶片0.2 g, 加入5% TCA 5 mL研磨至匀浆, 匀浆以5000 r/min离心10 min。吸取上清液2 mL于试管中, 加0.67% TBA 2 mL, 混合后在100 ℃沸水浴中反应30 min, 冷却后再次离心。取上清液测定450, 532, 600 nm处吸光度值, 计算MDA含量。

(4)细胞膜透性的测定采用电导法^[13]:选取叶片0.5 g, 用自来水和去离子水分别冲洗表面, 吸干叶片表面水分后, 剪碎成大小相近的叶片放入小烧杯中, 用尼龙网压住, 加入20 mL去离子水, 浸没叶片。将烧杯放入真空抽气泵抽气20 min, 在室内放置1 h, 用电导仪测定溶液电导率, 后放入100 ℃沸水浴中煮沸15 min, 待冷却至室温后测定其煮沸电导率, 计算相对电导率。

1.3 数据处理

采用SPSS 19.0软件对所测数据进行分析, 采用Duncan法在P< 0.05水平上进行多重比较。

2 结果与分析

2.1 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草叶片保护酶的影响

2.1.1 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草SOD活性的影响

T₁条件下, 肥皂草SOD活性在第10天开始缓慢下降, 施硅增加了SOD活性, 随着硅浓度的增加提高作用逐渐明显并趋于平稳, Si₃、Si₄处理效果相近, 高于Si₁、Si₂处理。T₂、T₃条件下, 各个处理下的肥皂草SOD活性随着时间的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势, 施硅增加了SOD活性。Si₃、Si₄处理在T₂、T₃条件下的20 d内与CK相比差异均显著(P< 0.05), 在T₂条件下分别比CK提高了16%~26%、14%~28%, T₃条件下分别比CK提高了17%~38%、15%~39%, 优于Si₁、Si₂处理(表1)。

表1 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草SOD的影响 Table 1 Effects of Si on SOD of S. officinalis under drought stress U/mg

2.1.2 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草POD活性的影响

由表2可知, T₁条件下, 肥皂草POD活性在第10天开始缓慢上升, 施硅增加了POD活性, 且随着硅浓度的增加先上升后小幅下降, Si₃、Si₄处理均在一定时间点上与CK相比差异显著(P< 0.05), Si₁、Si₂处理在20 d内与CK相比差异不显著(P> 0.05)。T₂、T₃条件下, 各处理下的肥皂草POD活性随着时间的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势, 施硅增加了POD活性, 且随着硅浓度的增加效果逐渐增加并趋于平稳, Si₃、Si₄处理在T₂、T₃条件下的20 d内与CK相比差异均显著(P< 0.05), T₂条件下分别比CK提高了18%~28%、16%~27%, T₃条件下分别比CK提高了16%~39%、11%~36%, 优于Si₁、Si₂处理。

表2 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草POD的影响 Table 2 Effects of Si on POD of S. officinalis under drought stress U/mg

2.1.3 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草CAT活性的影响

由表3可知, T₁条件下, 肥皂草CAT活性在20 d内变化不明显, 施硅增加了CAT活性, 但各硅处理与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。T₂、T₃条件下, 各处理下的肥皂草CAT活性随着时间的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势, 施硅增加了CAT活性, 且随着硅浓度的增加大体呈现先上升后小幅下降或平稳的趋势, T₂条件下, 除Si₁处理在20 d内与CK相比差异不显著(P> 0.05)外, Si₂、Si₃、Si₄处理均在5~20 d与CK相比差异显著(P< 0.05)。T₃条件下, 除Si₃处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均显著(P< 0.05), 比CK提高了16%~38%外, 其余硅处理效果为Si₄> Si₂> Si₁。

表3 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草CAT的影响 Table 3 Effects of Si on CAT of S. officinalis under drought stress U/mg

2.2 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草抗氧化剂含量的影响

2.2.1 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草ASA含量的影响

由表4可知, T₁条件下, 肥皂草ASA含量在20 d内变化不明显, Si₁、Si₂、Si₃、Si₄处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。T₂、T₃条件均增加了各处理肥皂草的ASA含量, 但到了T₃的后10 d, 各处理ASA含量急剧下降。T₂条件下, 除Si₁处理和CK的ASA含量随着时间的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势外, 其余硅处理下的肥皂草ASA含量随着时间的增加呈现上升趋势, 在前15 d施硅降低了肥皂草ASA含量, 在第20天除Si₁外, 其他硅处理均增加了ASA含量, Si₃、Si₄处理效果较Si₁、Si₂处理明显。T₃条件下, 各处理的肥皂草ASA含量随着时间的增加呈现先上升后急剧下降趋势, 在前5 d施硅降低了ASA含量, 在10~20 d, 施硅提高了ASA含量。按照硅处理在T₃条件下效果显著的时间点范围与数值大小得出, 硅处理效果为Si₄> Si₃> Si₂> Si₁。

表4 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草ASA的影响 Table 4 Effects of Si on ASA of S. officinalis under drought stress mg/g

2.2.2 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草GSH含量的影响

由表5可知, T₁条件下, 各处理肥皂草GSH含量除Si₃随着时间增加呈上升趋势外, 其余各处理均随着时间增加呈现先上升后下降趋势, 施硅降低了肥皂草的GSH含量, 但Si₁、Si₂、Si₃、Si₄处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。T₂条件下, Si₁和CK的肥皂草GSH含量随着时间增加呈先上升后下降趋势, 其余各处理的肥皂草GSH含量随着时间增加呈上升趋势。施硅在1~15 d降低了肥皂草GSH含量, 在第20天, 除Si₁处理外, 其余硅处理GSH含量均高于CK。T₂条件下, Si₁、Si₂处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05), Si₃、Si₄处理在1~15 d与CK相比差异显著(P< 0.05), 分别比CK降低了15%~20%、11%~20%。T₃条件下, 各处理的肥皂草GSH含量随着时间增加呈先上升后下降趋势。前5 d, 施硅降低了肥皂草GSH含量, 在10~20 d, 施硅增加了肥皂草GSH含量。按照硅处理在T₃条件下效果显著的时间点范围与数值大小得出, 硅处理效果为Si₄> Si₃> Si₂> Si₁。

表5 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草GSH的影响 Table 5 Effects of Si on GSH of S. officinalis under drought stress μ g/g

2.3 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草MDA含量的影响

由表6可知, T₁条件下, 各处理肥皂草叶片的MDA含量在20 d内变化不明显, Si₁、Si₂、Si₃、Si₄处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。T₂、T₃条件均增加了肥皂草叶片MDA含量, 且随着干旱程度和时间的增加而增大, 施硅降低了MDA含量。T₂、T₃条件下, 随着硅浓度的增加, MDA含量逐渐下降并趋于稳定。T₂条件下的Si₃、Si₄处理在1~20 d与CK相比差异均显著(P< 0.05), 分别比CK降低了15%~25%、18%~26%, 优于Si₁、Si₂处理。T₃条件下的Si₃、Si₄处理在1~15 d与CK相比均差异显著, 分别比CK降低了12%~18%、10%~18%, 优于Si₁、Si₂处理。

表6 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草MDA的影响 Table 6 Effects of Si on MDA of S. officinalis under drought stress mmol/g

2.4 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草膜透性的影响

由表7可知, T₁条件下, CK的肥皂草叶片相对电导率缓慢上升, 各硅处理的相对电导率在20 d内变化不明显, 施硅降低了叶片相对电导率, 但Si₁、Si₂、Si₃、Si₄处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。T₂、T₃条件下, 各处理下的肥皂草叶片相对电导率随着时间和胁迫程度的增加呈现上升趋势, 施硅降低了叶片相对电导率。T₂条件下, Si₁、Si₂处理在20 d内与CK相比差异均不显著(P> 0.05); Si₃、Si₄处理在10~20 d与CK相比差异显著(P< 0.05), 分别比CK降低了21%~27%、19%~25%。T₃条件下, Si₃、Si₄处理在20 d内与CK相比均差异显著(P< 0.05), 分别比CK降低了13%~23%、13%~24%, 优于Si₁、Si₂处理。

表7 硅对干旱胁迫下肥皂草叶片相对电导率的影响 Table 7 Effects of Si on relative electric conductivity of S. officinalis leaves under drought stress %

3 讨论

干旱影响植物正常生长和代谢, 植物细胞由于代谢受阻则产生大量活性氧与自由基, 如 $\begin{matrix} {O_{2}}^{-} \end{matrix}$ 、H₂O₂、· OH, 致使植物体内活性氧的产生与清除之间动态平衡被破坏, 降低植物叶片保护酶的活性、引起膜脂过氧化、膜脂过氧化的产物MDA增加^{[18, 19]}, 而植物自身的防御机制有一套活性氧清除系统, 由抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和抗氧化物质ASA、GSH等来清除这些活性氧与自由基, 减缓逆境对植物造成的伤害^[20], 植物体内的抗氧化酶活性与抗氧化物质的含量也反映了植物应对逆境的适应能力。研究表明, 随着干旱程度的加剧, 玉米(Zea mays)叶片保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性呈现先上升后下降趋势, MDA呈下降趋势^[21]; 随着干旱时间的增加, 香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)MDA含量、膜透性增加, SOD、CAT活性下降、POD活性上升, ASA含量上升, GSH含量先降后升再降^[22]。在本试验中, 随着干旱胁迫程度和天数的增加, 肥皂草叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性呈现先上升后下降趋势, 而MDA含量与膜透性呈现增加趋势, 这与季杨等^[23]在鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)上面的研究结果基本一致。轻度干旱促使肥皂草ASA和GSH含量上升, 但重度干旱胁迫下, 两种物质呈现先上升后下降趋势, 这与前人研究有所不同, 但与单长卷等^[24]在冰草(Agropyron cristatum)上的研究基本一致, 这可能与不同植物抗旱能力的差异性相关, 总之, 干旱致使肥皂草细胞膜发生一定程度的损害, 肥皂草自身的抗氧化系统在干旱胁迫时段的前期充分发挥了调节作用, 但随着损害加剧, 正常的调节功能受损。

施硅提高了干旱胁迫下玉米、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)的SOD、POD、CAT活性, 抑制了干旱胁迫下玉米叶片膜透性和MDA的升高^{[25, 26]}。明东风等^[27]得出PEG胁迫下施硅使两个水稻(Oryza sativa)品种叶片MDA含量、膜透性降低, 减缓水稻根系抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性的下降, 缩小因胁迫导致的GSH含量的变化幅度, 提高ASA含量。丁燕芳^[28]得出干旱条件下施硅使小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶片SOD、CAT活性和ASA、GSH含量增加, POD活性、MDA含量降低。本研究得出, 施硅增加了干旱条件下肥皂草叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性, 且在重度水分胁迫条件下这种作用更加显著, 施硅还降低了肥皂草MDA含量和相对电导率, 这与前人的研究结果基本一致, 说明硅能有效提高干旱条件下肥皂草3种叶片保护酶活性, 减缓膜脂过氧化作用; 施硅后的肥皂草GSH和ASA含量在轻度和重度干旱条件下均呈现先低于CK后高于CK规律, 这可能是硅提高了叶片保护酶活性, 有效缓解了胁迫造成的损害, 使GSH和ASA含量稳定在了一定水平。除此之外, 本研究还得出, 正常水分条件下, 施硅增加了肥皂草叶片SOD、POD活性, 但增加水平远远低于干旱条件下施硅, 而施硅对肥皂草的GSH、ASA、MDA、CAT和相对电导率影响不大, 这可能与肥皂草受氧化胁迫程度较低有关。

综上分析得出, 干旱条件下Si₃、Si₄处理较Si₁、Si₂处理更能有效提高肥皂草叶片保护酶活性和稳定抗氧化剂含量, 进而降低MDA和膜透性, T₃条件下施硅较T₂条件下施硅对肥皂草叶片保护酶提高的百分数更大, 这也可能因为T₃所参照的CK受干旱影响大、测得值太低。总之, 硅增强肥皂草抗旱性与干旱程度和施硅量有关, 每kg干土施硅0.3~0.4 g能有效缓解干旱对肥皂草的损害, 这为硅肥在园林观赏植物中的应用提供了一定可能性。同时, 关于硅是否参与与植物抗旱性密切相关的渗透调节和硅对肥皂草干旱下开花习性的影响还需进行深入研究, 从而进一步揭示硅对肥皂草抗旱作用机制。

4 结论

本试验通过对肥皂草施加外源硅并模拟干旱胁迫, 得出随着硅浓度的增加, 肥皂草抗旱性逐渐增强并趋于平稳, 其中Si₃、Si₄处理在T₃条件的一定时期内使3种酶活性比CK提高30%以上。施硅量控制在每kg干土0.3~0.4 g SiO₂均能有效提高干旱胁迫下肥皂草叶片保护酶活性, 从而使抗氧化剂含量居于较稳定水平, 缓解膜脂过氧化产物的增加并减缓细胞膜的破坏, 保护肥皂草正常生理机能不被破坏, 同时正常水分下施硅也对肥皂草叶片保护酶活性产生了一定提高作用。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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1999

0.0

... 硅在地壳中的含量仅次于氧,是植物有益元素,促进植物生长发育^[1] ...

2010

0.0

Gao

, Chen J

, Cai K

, et al.

Distribution and absorption of silicon in plant and its role in plant disease resistance under environmental stress.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(10): 2745-2755.

高丹, 陈基宁, 蔡昆争, 等. 硅在植物体内的分布和吸收及其在病害逆境胁迫中的抗性作用. 生态学报, 2010, 30(10): 2745-2755.

... 土壤中含硅量为50%~70%,但植物可以直接吸收利用的有效硅一般为50~250 mg/kg^[2] ...

2012

0.0

Liu A

, Zhang Y

, Tan Z

, et al.

Effect of drought stress using PEG-6000 on the growth and osmotic of Sedum lineate.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(3): 156-162.

刘爱荣, 张远兵, 谭志静, 等. 模拟干旱对佛甲草生长和渗透调节物质积累的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(3): 156-162.

... 干旱是植物面临的主要逆境之一,不仅抑制植物生长发育^[3,4],在园林应用上则限制植物种类、降低观赏效果、增加养护成本,对水资源短缺地区园林绿化管理不利 ...

2014

0.0

Zhang J

, Zhang Q

, Sun G

, et al.

Effect of drought stress and re-watering on growth and photosynthesis of Hosta.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(1): 167-176.

张金政, 张起源, 孙国峰, 等. 干旱胁迫及复水对玉簪生长和光合作用的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(1): 167-176.

2004

0.0

... 干旱条件下植物体内生成大量活性氧,破坏膜脂稳定性,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量增加,植物自身的保护酶与抗氧化剂等协调作用可以清除这些活性氧,减缓细胞膜损害,但随着胁迫的持续,植物自身防御能力有限,活性氧不断积累,损害发生^[5,6] ...

1998

0.0

2008

0.0

Wang S

, Li Z

, Bai H

, et al.

Effects and mechanisms of silicon on drought resistance of Kentucky bluegrass.

Pratacultural Science, 2008, 25(2): 116-120.

王生银, 李泽西, 白贺兰, 等. 硅肥提高草地早熟禾抗旱性的效应及机制. 草业科学, 2008, 25(2): 116-120.

在不同水分处理和不同硅肥浓度处理下研究外源硅对草地早熟禾巴润Poa pratensis cv．Baron抗旱性的影响，结果表明：硅参与植物的许多生理活动，增施硅肥能够提高草地早熟禾的发芽率，增加植株的高度、叶片数和分蘖数，对草地早熟禾植株的叶片相对含水量、质膜透性和脯氨酸含量均有重要的影响，可增强草地早熟禾的抗旱性。

... 研究表明,外源硅能够缓解干旱对植物造成的伤害,提高植物的抗旱性^[7,8,9,10],但这类研究以农作物和草坪植物为主,针对园林植物施加硅的研究甚少 ...

2015

0.0

Chen

, Wang J

, Ren J

, et al.

Effects of silicon fertilizer treatment on buckwheat seedlings drought resistance.

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(12): 40-44.

陈花, 王建军, 任建宏, 等. 硅肥处理对荞麦幼苗抗旱性的影响. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(12): 40-44.

研究不同浓度硅肥对荞麦幼苗抗旱性生理指标的影响,综合指标比较各处理组的抗旱特性差异,筛选出适宜浓度的硅肥,为干旱地区合理施用硅肥提高荞麦产量提供科学依据.以‘榆荞3号’种子为材料,催芽后盆栽,播种前,分别将0.05 mol/L、0.10 mol/L、0.15 mol/L、0.2 mol/L硅酸钾(K2SiO3)溶液一次性施入轻度(田间持水量60％)、中度(田间持水量40％)和重度干旱胁迫(田间持水量20％)土壤中,蒸馏水处理作为对照,当苗长到2叶1心期,测其SOD,POD活性及可溶性糖的含量.结果表明:随干旱胁迫加剧,荞麦幼苗SOD、POD活性均下降,可溶性糖含量增加;加硅后的各处理组与同一胁迫程度的对照组相比,SOD、POD活性以及可溶性糖含量均有所上升,且在0.05 mol/L的硅肥处理后各项生化指标均显著性地高于对照组.因此随灌水量减少,荞麦幼苗受到的干旱损伤加剧,适宜的硅肥有助于缓减荞麦幼苗的干旱损伤,提高其抗旱能力.

2012

0.0

Chen

, Cai K

, Chen J

Effects of silicon application and drought stress on photosynthetic traits and mineral nutrient absorption of rice leaves.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(8): 2620-2628.

陈伟, 蔡昆争, 陈基宁. 硅和干旱胁迫对水稻叶片光合特性和矿质养分吸收的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32(8): 2620-2628.

Drought stress is one of the major constraints for rice production in the rainfed lowlands in the world. Silicon (Si) has been verified to play an important role in increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, although it is not considered an essential element to higher plants. In addition, there were some reports about the beneficial role of Si in alleviating drought stress, yet the mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, two near-isogenic lines of rice ( Oryza sativa L.), w-14 (drought susceptible) and w-20 (drought resistant), were chosen to study the effects of exogenous Si application on the growth traits, photosynthetic characteristics and mineral nutrient absorption of rice plant under drought stress. Water was withheld 10 days during heading stage. The results showed that 1.5 mmol/L Si supply had no significant effects on growth and physiological parameters of rice plants under well-watered conditions. Drought stress was found to reduce dry weight, leaf water potential, photosynthetic parameters, basal quantum yield ( Fv/F 0 ) and maximum quantum efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry ( Fv/Fm ) in rice plants, while Si application significantly increased dry matter accumulation, water utilization efficiency, water potential, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and Fv/F 0 , photosynthetic rate ( Pr ), transpiration rate ( Tr ) of leaves for both rice lines under drought stress, but stomatal conductance ( G s ) and intercellular CO 2 concentration ( Ci ) were decreased. Silicon content in leaves was significantly increased by Si treatment whether drought stress occurred or not. In addition, Si supply could influence mineral nutrient level of rice leaves. Significant increase in the content of inorganic ions level of leaves were found in the two near-isogenic rice lines under drought stress, but Si treatment significantly reduced these ions, K + 、Na + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 3+ content in leaves were reduced by 16.38%, 24.50%, 19.70%, 21.52% and 18.58% for line w-14, 11.64%, 12.11%, 16.06%, 11.11% and 19.15% for line w-20, respectively. These results suggested that silicon application is useful to alleviate drought stress of rice through the enhancement of photochemical efficiency and adjustment of the mineral nutrient absorption in rice plants.

硅被认为是植物生长的有益元素,它能增强植物对非生物逆境和生物逆境胁迫的抗性。以抗旱性不同的一对水稻近等基因系w-14-和 w-20为实验材料,采用盆栽实验,研究了干旱胁迫下硅处理对水稻生长性状、光合生理特性和矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明,在正常水分条件下硅处理对水稻的生长及生理特性没有明显影响。干旱胁迫显著降低水稻植株的生长,叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数 Fv/Fm 及 Fv/F 0 值显著降低,光合作用受到明显抑制。加硅能提高干旱胁迫条件下水稻植株的生物量、水分利用效率、叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,而气孔导度和细胞间隙CO 2 浓度则下降。无论干旱与否,施硅后水稻的叶片硅含量均显著上升。两个水稻品系叶片的无机离子含量在干旱胁迫条件下均呈显著增加的趋势,而硅处理后材料w-14的叶片K + 、Na + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 3+ 含量分别降低16.38%, 24.50%, 19.70%, 21.52%, 18.58%,w-20则分别降低11.64%, 12.11%, 16.06%, 11.11% 和 19.15%,并使之回复到与对照更接近的水平。研究结果表明了硅提高水稻植株的抗旱性与光合作用的改善和矿质养分的调节有关。

... 同年6月,采用称重法^[9,10]测定土壤含水量,并用自然干旱法对水分进行控制,根据预实验得出水分控制的最佳梯度,分别是土壤田间持水量的80%~90%、50%~65%、30%~45%(分别用T₁、T₂、T₃表示正常水分、轻度胁迫、重度胁迫) ...

2012

0.0

Liu H

, Wang K

, Guo X

Effect of addition of silicon on seed emergence and growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) under the different soil moistures.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(1): 199-205.

刘慧霞, 王康英, 郭兴华. 不同土壤水分条件下硅对坪用高羊茅种子出苗及生物学特性的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 199-205.

2016

0.0

Wang C

, Bian

, Li T

, et al.

Effects of exogenous silicon on soapwort seed germination and the growth of seedlings under NaCl stress.

Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2016, (11): 41-44.

王财丽, 边琦, 李婷婷, 等. 外源Si对NaCl胁迫下肥皂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2016, (11): 41-44.

研究NaCl胁迫下，外源Si（ K2 SiO3）对肥皂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：在3个浓度梯度（40、80、120 mmol· L－1）的NaCl胁迫下，外源Si可不同程度地提高肥皂草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数，增加胚轴、胚根长度及幼苗干质量，其中，以0．8～1．2 mmol· L－1的外源Si处理效果最佳。在3个梯度的NaCl胁迫下，0．8～1．2 mmol· L－1的外源Si均可显著促进种子萌发和幼苗生长，缓解NaCl胁迫对肥皂草种子和幼苗的伤害；当外源Si浓度超过1．2 mmol· L－1时，缓解NaCl胁迫作用逐渐降低。在80 mmol· L－1 NaCl胁迫下，当外源Si浓度超过1．6 mmol· L－1时不具有缓解NaCl胁迫作用，反而抑制肥皂草种子萌发和幼苗生长。

... 已有研究得出,硅可以促进盐胁迫下肥皂草种子萌发^[11],增强干旱胁迫下肥皂草光合呼吸作用^[12],而关于硅在肥皂草干旱胁迫下抗氧化系统和细胞膜稳定性方面的研究未见报道 ...

2016

0.0

Yan J

, Yang H

, Deng Y

, et al.

Effects of silicon on photosynthetic traits of Saponaria officinalis under drought stress.

Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(10): 2082-2092.

严俊鑫, 杨慧颖, 邓雅楠, 等. 干旱胁迫下硅对肥皂草光合特性的影响. 草业科学, 2016, 33(10): 2082-2092.

Experiments was conducted by normal conditions, mild drought stress, severe drought stress and different concentrations of silicon treatment on Saponaria officinalis , and photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll content of leaves were determined. The photosynthetic curve was fitted, and the photoresponse parameters under various treatments were obtained. The results showed that the light compensation point (LCP) of S. officinalis leaves decreased, and the rest of the photosynthetic physiological indexes increased by silicon application under normal condition; The net photosynthetic rate(P n ), chlorophyll content, maximum net photosynthetic rate(A max ), dark respiration rate(R d ), light saturation point (LSP) and apparent quantum efficiency(AQY) of S. officinalis leaves increased, and stomatal conductance(G s ), transpiration rate(T r ) and LCP decreased by silicon application under mild and severe drought stress. Notably, 0.3, 0.4 g SiO 2 ·kg -1 were most effective. The results indicated that the application of silicon could enhance the photosynthesis and respiration of the S. officinalis , so as to make better use of the light energy and regulate the metabolism and significantly alleviate the damage caused by the drought.

本研究在模拟正常水分、中度干旱、重度干旱条件下对肥皂草( Saponaria officinalis )施加不同浓度的硅,测定其叶片光合指标及叶绿素含量,并对光响应曲线进行拟合,明确各处理下的肥皂草叶片的光响应参数。结果表明,施硅使正常水分条件下的光补偿点降低,其余各项指标均增高;施硅使两种干旱胁迫下的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、光饱和点和表观量子效率等增高,气孔导度、蒸腾速率和光补偿点降低。其中0.3和0.4 g SiO 2 ·kg -1 干土硅添加处理效果较好。说明施硅可以使肥皂草光合呼吸作用加强,从而更好地利用光能和调节自身新陈代谢,并有效缓解干旱造成的损害。

2015

0.0

... SOD活性测定采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)法^[13]:取5 mL指形管数支,2支作为对照管,将下列试剂依次加入各试管中:0 ...

... POD活性的测定采用愈创木酚法^[13,14]:酶活性测定的反应体系为,2 ...

... (3)丙二醛(MDA)含量的测定采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法^[13]:取叶片0 ...

... (4)细胞膜透性的测定采用电导法^[13]:选取叶片0 ...

2017

0.0

Yan J

, Xu L

, Yu

, et al.

Effects of MeJA on the insect-resistant physiological indexes of Rosa rugose ‘Plena’ and the feeding of Monolepta hieroglyphica.

Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2017, (1): 77-81.

严俊鑫, 许凌欣, 宇佳, 等. 茉莉酸甲酯对重瓣玫瑰抗虫生理指标和双斑萤叶甲取食的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2017, (1): 77-81.

... POD活性的测定采用愈创木酚法^[13,14]:酶活性测定的反应体系为,2 ...

2000

0.0

... CAT活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计法^[15]:取2 ...

1996

0.0

... ASA含量的测定参照Hodges等^[16]的方法:吸取上述制备好的样品上清液0 ...

1980

0.0

... GSH含量的测定参照Griffith^[17]的方法:分别取上述样品提取液0 ...

2010

0.0

... OH,致使植物体内活性氧的产生与清除之间动态平衡被破坏,降低植物叶片保护酶的活性、引起膜脂过氧化、膜脂过氧化的产物MDA增加^[18,19],而植物自身的防御机制有一套活性氧清除系统,由抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和抗氧化物质ASA、GSH等来清除这些活性氧与自由基,减缓逆境对植物造成的伤害^[20],植物体内的抗氧化酶活性与抗氧化物质的含量也反映了植物应对逆境的适应能力 ...

2004

0.0

2005

0.0

2011

0.0

Zhang R

, Zheng Y

, Ma G

, et al.

Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic traits and protective enzyme activity in maize seeding.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(5): 1303-1311.

张仁和, 郑友军, 马国胜, 等. 干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响. 生态学报, 2011, 31(5): 1303-1311.

Drought is a major limiting factor affecting maize growth, development and yield mainly in arid and semiarid regions of China. But the physiological mechanism related to simultaneous comparison of photosynthetic response and protective enzyme activity, which could be useful for identifying differences in maize cultivars under drought stress, remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of the different maize cultivars at the seedling stage and to offer a theoretical basis and technical parameters for saving-water and high yield cultivation of maize. Two maize cultivars, zhengdan958 (drought tolerance) and shandan 902 (drought sensitive) grown in pots experiment in greenhouse were subjected to three different drought treatments (mild drought, moderate drought, severe drought) and compared to normal irrigation. The gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and protective enzyme activity were tested. The results showed that:(1) the onset of drought stress caused an increase of leaf's net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) and stomatal conductance ( G s ), furthermore, intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) decreased and then increased, but reversible, stomatal limits ( L s ) increased and then decreased under drought stress in two cultivars. This suggested that reductions in P n resulted from stomatal limitations under mild and moderate drought stress; and from non-stomatal limitations under the severe drought stress in both cultivars. (2) In the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf's the quantum yield ( φ PSⅡ), electron transport rate ( ETR ), photochemical quenching ( qP ) decreased with increasing drought stress, however, non-photochemical quenching ( qN ) of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) activity increased significantly with the developing of drought stress, indicating that photoprotection was effective, whereas severly drought stress caused the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport leading to damage of PSⅡ in the two cultivars. (3) Under drought stress the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) obviously increased and then decreased rapidly. The increase of enzyme activities in drought tolerance zhengdan958 was greater than that in drought sensitive shandan902. malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased continuously, being significantly higher than that of the control, the increase of MDA contents in drought sensitive shandan 902 was greater than that in drought tolerance zhengdan958, which contributing to regulate activity of the protection system during the initial phase of drought stress, and the negative effects of drought during the stress period were observed. These results implied that drought stress depressed P n significantly, which induced by stomatal limitation and non-stomatal factors at seedling stage, under the moderate drought stress the decreased P n were mainly due to stomatal limitations through stomatal regulation, the enhance of thermal dissipation and antioxidant enzyme jointly; under the severe drought stress major non-stomatal limitations responsible for reduction in P n were associated with the impairment of PSⅡ and antioxidant enzyme system. At same time, the change range of all physiological parameters were smaller in zhengdan958 than in shandan902. Base the above results, we speculate that zhengdan958 maintains the higher photosynthesis function and the better oxidative enzyme defense system's ability to eliminate reactive oxygen compared to shandan902 under drought stress, which can be considered as the major physiological traits for its higher yield and drought tolerance.

以玉米品种郑单958(抗旱性强)和陕单902(抗旱性弱)为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置3个干旱处理(轻度干旱,中度干旱,重度干旱)和正常灌水,研究了干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合速率、叶绿素荧光以及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫下2个品种叶片净光合速率( P n )和气孔导度( G s )显著下降,胞间CO 2 浓度( C i )出现了先下降后上升,而气孔限制值( L s )上升后下降,说明中度干旱胁迫下叶片 P n 下降是气孔因素引起的,重度干旱胁迫下 P n 降低主要由非气孔因素引起的。(2)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,2个品种叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的实际量子产量( φ PSⅡ)、电子传递速率( ETR )和光化学猝灭( qP )一直下降,而非光化学猝灭( qN )上升后下降,说明中度干旱下热耗散仍是植株重要光保护机制,重度干旱时叶片光合电子传递受阻,PSⅡ受到损伤。(3)干旱胁迫下2个品种叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量一直升高,说明干旱胁迫初期对保护系统酶活性升高有诱导作用,重度胁迫下活性氧清除酶的活性下降,导致细胞膜伤害。这些结果暗示,轻度和中度干旱胁迫下2个玉米品种通过减少光捕获、热耗散和酶活性调节协同作用稳定了光合机构功能,是 P n 下降的气孔限制因素;而重度干旱胁迫下光系统Ⅱ和抗氧化酶系统损伤,是 P n 下降的非气孔限制因素;郑单958的各生理参数比陕单902受旱影响小,干旱胁迫下仍具有较高的光合效率和较强的保护酶活性是郑单958抗旱的主要生理原因。

... 研究表明,随着干旱程度的加剧,玉米(Zea mays)叶片保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性呈现先上升后下降趋势,MDA呈下降趋势^[21] ...

2015

0.0

Hu Z

, Feng X

, Wu C

, et al.

Effects of abscisic acid and 6-Benzylaminopurine on the drought resistance of Vetiveria zizanioides.

Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(6): 1220-1225.

胡志群, 冯学兰, 吴楚彬, 等. 脱落酸和细胞分裂素对香根草抗旱性的影响. 草地学报, 2015, 23(6): 1220-1225.

为探讨施用外源脱落酸(ABA)和细胞分裂素(6-BA)对香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)抗旱性的影响,在控温室中对香根草进行干旱胁迫处理,比较喷水以及喷ABA和6-BA处理对香根草叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,香根草叶片相对含水量减少,而ABA和6-BA处理使叶片的相对含水量维持较高的水平,相对电导率和MDA含量则维持较低的水平;在试验处理第17 d,ABA和6-BA处理的香根草植株超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)的含量均显著高于没有处理的植株,但过氧化物酶(POD)活性比没有处理的植株低.表明ABA和6-BA处理提高了香根草的抗旱性,而且抗旱性的提高与抗氧化系统水平的提高有关.

... 随着干旱时间的增加,香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)MDA含量、膜透性增加,SOD、CAT活性下降、POD活性上升,ASA含量上升,GSH含量先降后升再降^[22] ...

2014

0.0

, Zhang X

, Peng

, et al.

Effects of drought stress on lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment and activities of protective enzymes in the roots and leaves of prchardgrass.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 144-151.

季杨, 张新全, 彭燕, 等. 干旱胁迫对鸭茅根、叶保护酶活性、渗透物质含量及膜质过氧化作用的影响. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 144-151.

... 在本试验中,随着干旱胁迫程度和天数的增加,肥皂草叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性呈现先上升后下降趋势,而MDA含量与膜透性呈现增加趋势,这与季杨等^[23]在鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)上面的研究结果基本一致 ...

2011

0.0

Shan C

, Han R

, Liang Z

Responses to drought stress of the biosynthetic and recycling metabolism of glutathione and ascorbate in Agropyron cristatum leaves on the Loess Plateau of China.

Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(6): 653-662.

单长卷, 韩蕊莲, 梁宗锁. 黄土高原冰草叶片抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽合成及循环代谢对干旱胁迫的生理响应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(6): 653-662.

... 轻度干旱促使肥皂草ASA和GSH含量上升,但重度干旱胁迫下,两种物质呈现先上升后下降趋势,这与前人研究有所不同,但与单长卷等^[24]在冰草(Agropyron cristatum)上的研究基本一致,这可能与不同植物抗旱能力的差异性相关,总之,干旱致使肥皂草细胞膜发生一定程度的损害,肥皂草自身的抗氧化系统在干旱胁迫时段的前期充分发挥了调节作用,但随着损害加剧,正常的调节功能受损 ...

2010

0.0

Zhou X

, Zhao H

, Ma C

Studies on silicon increased drought resistance of cucumber seedlings.

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(9): 195-197.

周秀杰, 赵红波, 马成仓. 硅提高黄瓜幼苗抗旱性的研究. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(9): 195-197.

Studies on the effects of silicon on leaf water content, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content in cucumber plants were conducted in pot experiments. The results showed that silicon increased leaf water content, POD, SOD and CAT activity under adequate water supply, silicon increased content of soluble proteins, POD, SOD and CAT activities, decreased leaf water content under water stress. It indicated that silicon might be involved in physiological metabolism on enhancing drought resistance of cucumber plants.

本文研究了硅对不同水分处理条件下黄瓜幼苗的叶片含水量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、可溶性蛋白含量及可溶性糖含量的影响。研究结果表明：在充分供水条件下，供硅提高了黄瓜幼苗的叶片含水量、POD活性、SOD活性和CAT活性；在水分胁迫条件下，供硅提高了可溶性蛋白含量、POD活性、SOD活性和CAT活性，降低了含水量。说明硅可能是通过参与植物体内的生理代谢活动提高了黄瓜幼苗的抗旱性。

... 施硅提高了干旱胁迫下玉米、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)的SOD、POD、CAT活性,抑制了干旱胁迫下玉米叶片膜透性和MDA的升高^[25,26] ...

2007

0.0

Li Q

, Ma C

, Shang Q

Effects of silicon on photosynthesis and antoxidative enzymes of maize under drought stress.

Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(3): 531-536.

李清芳, 马成仓, 尚启亮. 干旱胁迫下硅对玉米光合作用和保护酶的影响. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(3): 531-536.

With pot experiment, this paper studied the effects of silicon supply on drought-resistance capability of maize plant. The results showed that under mild and severe drought stress, supplying silicon could increase the plant biomass by 31.1%—33.3% and 23.7%—40.5%, respectively, compared with the control. Silicon enhanced the net photosynthetic rate by 10.9%—28.8%, increased the chlorophyll content and POD, SOD and CAT activities by 4.0%—11.9%, 6.4%—26.4%, 17.8%—26.8% and 3.2%—33.5%, respectively, and restrained the increase of leaf plasma membrane permeability and MDA content. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between plant dry matter accumulation and diurnal photosynthetic cumulates ( r =0.9357, P effect of silicon supply was the main factor inducing the increase of dry matter accumulation under drought stress. The higher antioxidative enzyme activities with silicon supply lightened the injury effect of free radicals, being another important factor inducing the increase of plant drought- resistance capability.

利用盆栽试验研究了施硅（K 2 SiO 3 ）对玉米植株抗旱能力的影响.结果表明：与对照相比，干旱胁迫下施硅提高了玉米植株的生物量积累，轻度和重度水分胁迫处理分别提高了31.1％～33.3％和23.7％～40.5％；施硅提高了玉米植株的净光合速率（10.9%～28.8%）和叶绿素含量（4.0%～11.9%）；施硅使干旱胁迫下玉米植株的POD、SOD和CAT活性分别提高6.4%～26.4%、17.8%～26.8%和3.2%～33.5%，抑制了干旱胁迫下叶片细胞膜透性的增加和丙二醛含量的升高.相关分析表明，干旱胁迫下玉米干生物量积累与日光合积累呈显著相关（ r =0.9357, P <0.05），说明光合作用的提高是干旱胁迫下硅对生物量积累影响的主要因素.较高的保护酶活性减轻了自由基的伤害作用，是硅增强植株抗旱性的另一重要因素.

... 施硅提高了干旱胁迫下玉米、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)的SOD、POD、CAT活性,抑制了干旱胁迫下玉米叶片膜透性和MDA的升高^[25,26] ...

2012

0.0

Ming D

, Yuan H

, Wang Y

, et al.

Effects of silicon on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of roots of rice seedlings under water stress.

Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(12): 2510-2519.

明东风, 袁红梅, 王玉海, 等. 水分胁迫下硅对水稻苗期根系生理生化性状的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(12): 2510-2519.

【Objective】 In order to clarify the mechanism of silicon (Si) in enhancing the resistance to water stress, the effects of Si on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the roots of rice seedlings were investigated under water stress. 【Method】 The effects of exogenous Si on the physiological and biochemical parameters of roots of rice [(Oryza sativa ssp. (keng) Ting cv. Xiushui 11) and Brazilian upland rice (O. sativa cv. IAPAR 9)] were investigated under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in hydroponic conditions. 【Result】 Exogenous Si could restrain excessive respiration, and increase the dry matter weight and relative water content of the PEG-stressed rice roots. On the 8th day after PEG treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the roots of both Si-treated rice cultivars was decreased by 23% and 21%, and the relative electrolyte leakage was decreased by 39% and 38%, respectively, as compared to those of PEG treatment only. Consequently, the plasma membrane stability of the stressed roots was enhanced by Si application. In addition, exogenous Si also increased the root antioxidant defense capacity, slowed down the degradation of abscisic acid (ABA) in rice roots under PEG stress. 【Conclusion】 Silicon application could enhance the resistance of rice roots to water deficit stress by preventing the rapid decline of physiological and biochemical activities in roots.

【目的】分析施硅对水分胁迫下水稻苗期根系生理生化性状的影响，阐明施硅提高根系抗水分胁迫能力的机理。【方法】采用水培试验，以聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟水分胁迫，以秀水11和巴西陆稻两个水稻品种为材料，研究施硅对根系相关生理生化指标的影响。【结果】施硅能够显著提高PEG诱导的水分胁迫下水稻根系的干物重和相对含水量，并抑制根系过度呼吸消耗。在处理第8天时，与单纯PEG处理相比，施硅使水分胁迫下的秀水11和巴西陆稻根系丙二醛（MDA）含量分别下降了23%和21%，相对电渗透率分别减少了39%和38%，增加了根系质膜的稳定性。施硅还抑制了活性氧的产生、增强了根系抗氧化能力，减缓了根系细胞中脱落酸（ABA）的快速降解。【结论】施硅能减轻水分亏缺所引起的水稻根系生理活性快速下降，从而增强苗期水稻根系对水分胁迫的抗性。

... 明东风等^[27]得出PEG胁迫下施硅使两个水稻(Oryza sativa)品种叶片MDA含量、膜透性降低,减缓水稻根系抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性的下降,缩小因胁迫导致的GSH含量的变化幅度,提高ASA含量 ...

2006

0.0

Ding Y

Mechanisms of Silicon-Enhancement of Drought Tolerance in Wheat Seedings[D].

Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006.

丁燕芳. 硅提高小麦抗旱性的机理研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2006.

本研究以抗旱性不同的两个小麦品种——扬麦9号(低抗)和豫麦 18号(高抗)为试验材料，用PEG-6000(聚乙二醇6000，渗透势约为-0.589 MPa)模拟干旱胁迫条件研究了硅对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和光合作用、活性氧自由基及其防御系统、渗透调节物质积累的变化以及对叶绿体超微结构的影响。主要研究结果如下：加硅使干旱胁迫下的两个小麦品种体内的硅积累量显著提高，且高抗品种豫麦18号体内硅积累量显著高于低抗品种扬麦9号。 PEG胁迫条件下，供试两个小麦品种幼苗生长和光合作用显著受到抑制。加硅提高了干旱胁迫条件下小麦幼苗鲜干重和叶片可溶性蛋白含量，小...

... 丁燕芳^[28]得出干旱条件下施硅使小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶片SOD、CAT活性和ASA、GSH含量增加,POD活性、MDA含量降低 ...